TABLE 1.

LMHFV effects on mesenchymal stem cells.

References	Cells	Environment	Frequency (Hz)	Magnitude (*g)	Time schedule	Main outcome
Baskan et al., 2017	D1-ORL-UVA	TCP	90	0.15	15 min/day 7 days	Adipogenic markers ↓
Chen et al., 2016	rBMSCs	HA-coated titanium scaffolds (3D)	40	0.3	30 min/day 14 days	Expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2, Osx, Col-1, OC) ↑
Demiray and Özçivici, 2015	D1-ORL-UVA	TCP	90	0.15	15 min/day for 7 days	Cytoskeletal adaptations: total actin content and actin fiber thickness ↑ Cell proliferation ↑
Lau E. et al., 2011	rMSCs	TCP	60	0.3	1 h/day on days 1 + 2 and 4–6	Osteogenesis ↓
Li et al., 2019	rBMSCs	TCP (not stated)	45	0.9	30 min/day 5 days	Expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2, Osx, Col-1, OCN) ↑
Lu et al., 2018	BMSCs	TCP (not stated)	40	0.3	15 min/day	Cell proliferation and mineralization ↑ Expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2, Col-I, ALP, OPN, OC) ↑
Marycz et al., 2016	hASCs	TCP	25, 35, 45	0.3	15 min/day 14 days	Expression of osteogenic and chondrogenic markers (BMP-2, Col-II, Sox9) ↑ Adipogenesis ↓
Mehta, 2015	hMSCs	Synthetic 3D scaffold (PEGDA)	100	0.3 3 6	24 h	Osteogenic differentiation (ALP) and mineralization ↑
Kim et al., 2012	hMSCs	Collagen sponge (3D scaffold), TCP	30–40	0.3	10 min/day 5 days	Expression of osteogenic and vascularization-related markers (Col-I, OPG, VEGF, VEGF) ↑
Pongkitwitoon et al., 2016	hBMCs	TCP	30 or 100	0.15 1	2 × 20 min/day (2 h rest period)	Cell proliferation ↑ Expression of osteogenic markers (Runx2, ALP) ↑
Uzer et al., 2013	hASCs	TCP	30 or 100	0.15 1 2	30 min/day	Cell proliferation and mineralization ↑ Cytoskeletal remodeling ↑
Uzer et al., 2015	mBMSCs	TCP or collagen-I coated plates	90	0.7	2 × 20 min/day	Cytoskeletal remodeling ↑
Zhou et al., 2011	BMSCs	Human bone-derived scaffolds (3D)	40	0.3	30 min/12 h	Expression of osteogenic markers (Col-I, OCN, ALP, Runx2) ↑ ERK1/2 pathway involved