TABLE 8.
LMHFV effects on osseointegration of implants.
| References | Strain | Frequency (Hz) | Magnitude (*g) | Time schedule | Implant | Study outcome |
| Chen et al., 2012 | SD rats | 30–35 | 0.3 | 20 min/day, and 5 days/week 8 weeks | Hydroxyapatite (HA)−coated titanium implants (proximal tibia) | BIC, BF ↑ but effects are weaker than alendronate Max. push out force ↑ |
| Jing et al., 2015 | Female New Zealand rabbits | 30 | 0.5 | 1 h/day for 6 or 12 weeks | Porous titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) (femoral condyle) | Bone ingrowth within pores of the implant ↑ BV/TV ↑ Tb. N ↑ ALP, OCN, Runx2, BMP2, OPG ↑ SOST, RANKL ↓ |
| Liang et al., 2014 | SD rats | 45 | 0.2 | 30 min/day | Titanium implant (metaphyseal tibia) | BF, BIC ↑ thickness of the bone lamellae (TBL) ↑ BMD ↑ removal torque ↑ |
| Ogawa et al., 2011b | Wistar rats | 15 consecutive frequency steps (12, 20, 30, …, 150 Hz) | 0.3 | 11 min/day 5 days/week 3, 7, 14, 25 days | Custom−made titanium implant (proximal metaphysis) | BIC, BF ↑ |
| Ogawa et al., 2011a | Male Wistar rats | 15 consecutive frequency steps (12, 20, 30, …, 150 Hz) | 0.3 | 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 2 × 1.25 min (>4 h) | Custom-made titanium implant (medio-proximal site of tibia) | BIC ↑ 2 × 1.25 min most pronounced effect |
| Ogawa et al., 2014 | Male Wistar rats | 12–30/70–90/130–150 | 0.3/0.075/0.043 | 1/4 weeks | Titanium implant (metaphyseal tibia) | BIC ↑ BV/TV ↑ |
| Ruppert et al., 2018 | SD rats | 55 | 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 | 6 weeks | Titanium implant (tibia) | BF ↑ |
| Shibamoto et al., 2018 | Wistar rats | 50 | 0.5 | 15 min/day 5 days/week | Titanium implant (metaphyseal tibia) | BIC ↑ LMHF + PTH had additive effects in OVX rats removal torque ↑ |
| Zhou et al., 2015 | SD rats | 40 | 0.3 | 30 min/12 h 5 days/week for 12 weeks | Hydroxyapatite-coated titanium implants (medio-proximal site of tibia) | BV/TV, Tb.N, Tb. Th ↑ Runx2, OPN, OC ↑ RANKL ↓ |