Table 1.
POx concentrations and baseline characteristics in 1826 patients with CKD stages 1–5 (GCKD study cohort)a
| Clinical characteristics | Oxalate <2.0 | Oxalate 2.0 to 3.0 | Oxalate >3.0 to 4.2 | Oxalate >4.2 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 953 | 378 | 261 | 234 | |
| Creatinine mg/dl | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.6 (1.3–2.0) | <0.0001 |
| eGFR, median (IQR) | 50.3 (40.7–60.9) | 47.2 (37.2–58.2) | 44.4 (36.6 –54.4) | 40.6 (32.1– 52.8) | <0.0001 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 63 (53–69) | 63.5 (54–70) | 63 (55–69) | 62 (51–69) | 0.8 |
| Gender | 0.6 | ||||
| Male | 565 (59.3) | 219 (57.9) | 152 (58.2) | 148 (63.3) | |
| Female | 388 (40.7) | 159 (42.1) | 109 (41.8) | 86 (36.8) | |
| Albumin to creatinine ratio in mg albumin (urine)/g creatinine (urine) | 30.4 (8.0–249.9) | 43.5 (9.0–222.7) | 55.1 (9.8–333.7) | 101.2 (14.7–611.2) | 0.0001 |
| Systolic BP, median (IQR) | 137 (125–151) | 138 (127–154) | 139 (127–152) | 136 (126–152) | 0.4 |
| Diastolic BP, median (IQR) | 79 (71–86) | 79 (72–87) | 78 (70–87) | 79 (72–87) | 0.4 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 29.0 (26.1–33.2) | 28.5 (25.6–32.7) | 28.2 (24.8–31.5) | 28.6 (25.4–33.0) | 0.2 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Diabetes | 326 (34.2) | 110 (29.1) | 85 (32.6) | 77 (32.9) | 0.4 |
| Hypertension | 907 (95.2) | 364 (96.3) | 254 (97.3) | 223 (95.3) | 0.4 |
| CHD | 186 (19.5) | 63 (16.7) | 53 (20.3) | 32 (13.7) | 0.1 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 245 (25.7) | 97 (25.7) | 67 (25.7) | 56 (23.9) | 1 |
| Vascular nephropathy | 412 (43.2) | 165 (43.7) | 121 (46.4) | 89 (38.0) | 0.3 |
| Systemic diseases | 92 (9.7) | 44 (11.6) | 33 (12.6) | 33 (14.1) | 0.2 |
| Primary glomerular nephropathy | 204 (21.4) | 81 (21.4) | 62 (23.8) | 63 (26.9) | 0.3 |
| Interstitial nephropathy | 91 (9.6) | 29 (7.7) | 18 (6.9) | 21 (9.0) | 0.5 |
| Acute kidney failure | 42 (4.4) | 17 (4.5) | 12 (4.6) | 14 (6.0) | 0.8 |
| Nephrectomy (single kidney) | 69 (7.2) | 21 (5.6) | 19 (7.3) | 8 (3.4) | 0.1 |
| Hereditary diseases | 29 (3.0) | 17 (4.5) | 11 (4.2) | 20 (8.6) | 0.003 |
| Post renal diseases | 84 (8.8) | 30 (7.9) | 23 (8.8) | 16 (6.8) | 0.8 |
| Other diseases | 39 (4.1) | 31 (8.2) | 18 (6.9) | 11 (4.7) | 0.02 |
| Unkown diseases | 78 (8.2) | 28 (7.4) | 9 (3.5) | 11 (4.7) | 0.03 |
| Medications | |||||
| ACE-Inhibitors or ARB | 705 (74.0) | 280 (74.1) | 186 (71.3) | 171 (73.1) | 0.8 |
| Antihypertensives | 886 (93.0) | 355 (93.9) | 246 (94.3) | 220 (94.0) | 0.8 |
| Diuretics | 535 (56.1) | 210 (55.6) | 144 (55.2) | 147 (62.8) | 0.2 |
| Beta blockers | 493 (51.7) | 204 (54.0) | 143 (54.8) | 117 (50.0) | 0.6 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 41.7 (38.5–47.8) | 42.2 (38.5–46.9) | 41.7 (38.3–48.0) | 40.7 (37.9–47.8) | 0.3 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl | 7.0 (5.8–8.2) | 6.8 (5.7–8.0) | 7.0 (6.1–8.2) | 7.0 (6.1–8.4) | 0.7 |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GCKD, German Chronic Kidney Disease; POx, plasma oxalate.
a
Continuous variables are presented as median [interquartile range (IQR)] and categorical variables as frequency and percentage. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.