Table 1.
Clinical manifestations of ocular sarcoidosis summarised by Pasadhika and Rosenbaum.13
| Ocular structures | Ophthalmic manifestations |
|---|---|
| Eyelids | Eyelid granuloma, madarosis, poliosis, entropion, trichiasis, lagoghthalmos (if associated with facial palsy) |
| Conjunctiva | Conjunctival nodules or granuloma, conjunctivitis, symblepharon, conjunctival cicatrization |
| Episclera/sclera | Episcleritis, scleritis |
| Cornea | Peripheral ulcerative keratitis, interstitial keratitis, exposure keratopathy, band keratopathy |
| Trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber angle | Trabecular granuloma, peripheral anterior synechiae, ocular hypertension, glaucoma |
| Iris | Anterior uveitis (iritis), iris nodules/granuloma, posterior synechiae, pupillary abnormalities |
| Lens | Cataract |
| Pars plana/vitreous | Intermediate uveitis |
| Retina | Retinitis, retinal vasculitis, macular edema |
| Choroid | Choroiditis, granuloma |
| Lacrimal gland | Granuloma, dacryoadenitis, keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) |
| Nasolacrimal drainage system | Nasolacrimal duct obstruction |
| Extraocular muscles and other orbital tissues | Granuloma, strabismus, proptosis, optic nerve compression |
| Intracranial lesions involving visual pathway | Decreased vision, visual field defects, abnormal pupillary response, abnormal eye movement |