Table 7.
Rigor | Construct | Changes |
Post-training % difference |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Content Areas | Modified Scales | Greatest Significant Difference (+) | 10% | 11–20% | 21–30% | 31–40% | 41–50% | 51% | ||
Validated | Knowledge | |||||||||
OOKS | 7 | 4δ | 5 | 3 | – | 1 | – | |||
Risk factors | Risk factors | 1 | ||||||||
Overdose signs | Overdose signs | 5α | ||||||||
Actions | Actions | – | ||||||||
Naloxone use | Naloxone use | 9α | ||||||||
BOOK | 0 | – | 1 | 3δ | – | – | – | |||
Opioid knowledge | Risk factors | 2β | ||||||||
Opioid overdose knowledge | Overdose signs | 2β | ||||||||
Opioid overdose response knowledge | Actions, naloxone use | 2β | ||||||||
BORRA | 0 | 3 | – | – | 1 | – | – | |||
9 Overdose events | Overdose signs, naloxone use | 2γ | ||||||||
7 Non-overdose events | Overdose signs, naloxone use | 2γ | ||||||||
Confidence | ||||||||||
Perceived Competence Scale | Competence | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | |
Attitude | ||||||||||
OOAS | 8 | 6δ | 4 | – | – | – | – | |||
Competence | Competence | 4 | ||||||||
Concerns | Concerns | – | ||||||||
Readiness | Readiness | – | ||||||||
Non-Validated | Knowledge | Recognition | – | 7 | 1 | – | 3 | 2 | – | 1 |
Confidence | Self-efficacy | – | 4 | 1 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | |
Attitude | Comfort | – | 3 | – | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – |
The same five studies, Dietze et al. (2018), Heavey et al. (2018), Kwon et al. (Kwon et al., 2020), Wagner et al. (2016), and Zhang et al. (2018), reported that the greatest significant differences post-training were in the ‘overdose signs’ and ‘naloxone use’ OOKS domains.
The same two studies, Bergeria et al. (2019) and Huhn et al. (2018), reported that the greatest significant differences were in all three of the BOOK domains.
The same two studies, Behar et al. (2015) and Saucier et al. (2016), reported that the greatest significant differences were in both the overdose and non-overdose identification sections.
Control group percentage score change included. Bergeria et al. (2019) and Huhn et al. (2018) reported participants in the ‘didactive’ training scored a 21–30% difference pre-to-post training on the BOOK. Giordano et al. (2020) and Williams et al. (2014) reported participants in the control groups scored a 10% difference pre-to-post training on the OOKS and OOAS.