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. 2020 Oct 21;20:101232. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101232

Table 7.

Outcome measures of opioid overdose response training studies without simulation.

Rigor Construct Changes
Post-training % difference
Content Areas Modified Scales Greatest Significant Difference (+) 10% 11–20% 21–30% 31–40% 41–50% 51%
Validated Knowledge
OOKS 7 4δ 5 3 1
Risk factors Risk factors 1
Overdose signs Overdose signs 5α
Actions Actions
Naloxone use Naloxone use 9α
BOOK 0 1 3δ
Opioid knowledge Risk factors 2β
Opioid overdose knowledge Overdose signs 2β
Opioid overdose response knowledge Actions, naloxone use 2β
BORRA 0 3 1
9 Overdose events Overdose signs, naloxone use 2γ
7 Non-overdose events Overdose signs, naloxone use 2γ
Confidence
Perceived Competence Scale Competence 1 1
Attitude
OOAS 8 6δ 4
Competence Competence 4
Concerns Concerns
Readiness Readiness
Non-Validated Knowledge Recognition 7 1 3 2 1
Confidence Self-efficacy 4 1 1 1 1
Attitude Comfort 3 1 1 1
α

The same five studies, Dietze et al. (2018), Heavey et al. (2018), Kwon et al. (Kwon et al., 2020), Wagner et al. (2016), and Zhang et al. (2018), reported that the greatest significant differences post-training were in the ‘overdose signs’ and ‘naloxone use’ OOKS domains.

β

The same two studies, Bergeria et al. (2019) and Huhn et al. (2018), reported that the greatest significant differences were in all three of the BOOK domains.

γ

The same two studies, Behar et al. (2015) and Saucier et al. (2016), reported that the greatest significant differences were in both the overdose and non-overdose identification sections.

δ

Control group percentage score change included. Bergeria et al. (2019) and Huhn et al. (2018) reported participants in the ‘didactive’ training scored a 21–30% difference pre-to-post training on the BOOK. Giordano et al. (2020) and Williams et al. (2014) reported participants in the control groups scored a 10% difference pre-to-post training on the OOKS and OOAS.