Table 2. Utility of LTT for culprit drug identification in delayed-type DHR.

Drugs		Clinical manifestation	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Reference
Beta-lactams
	AMX, AMP, PEN, BEN	MPE, EXT, AGEP, TEN	68–83	85–100	[18,35,36,37,38]
	AMX, AMP, PEN, CEF-3	MPE, DRESS, AGEP, SJS/TEN	21	100	*
Anti-TB drugs
	IRZE	BUL, EXT, DILI	29–87	90–100	[39,40,41]
	IRZEL	MPE, DRESS, SJS/TEN	52	89	*
Antibiotics
	VAN, COT, CIP, LEV, OLF, MOX, MER, CLO, PIP	LABD, DRESS, AGEP, SJS/TEN	77	100	*
Antiepileptic drugs
	CBZ, LTG	MPE, EXT, SJS/TEN	26–66	63–100	[17,37,42,43]
	CBZ, PHE, VAL, LTG	DRESS, SJS/TEN	55	91	[11], *
	NSAIDs
	FEN, FLU	TEN	44	63	[43]
	IBU, TRA, ACT, DIC, MEF	DRESS, SJS/TEN	50	98	*

LTT, lymphocyte transformation tests; DHR, drug hypersensitivity reaction; AMX, amoxicillin; AMP, ampicillin; PEN, penicillin; BEN, benzylpenicillin; CEF-3, ceftriaxone; MPE, maculopapular eruption; EXT, exanthem; DRESS, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms; SJS/TEN, Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis; AGEP, acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis; TB, tuberculosis; IRZEL, isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, levofloxacin; BUL, bullous; DILI, drug-induced liver injury; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs containing ibuprofen, diclofenac, mefenamic acid, acetaminophen-tramadol; VAN, vancomycin; COT, cotrimoxazole; LEV, levofloxacin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; OLF, ofloxacin; MOX, moxifloxacin; MER, meropenem; CLO, cloxacillin; PIP, piperacillin; LABD, linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis; CBZ, carbamazepine; PHE, phenytoin; VAL, valproic acid; LTG, lamotrigine; FEN, fenbrufen; FLU, flurbiprofen; IBU, ibuprofen; TRA, tramadol; DIC, diclofenac; ACT, acetaminophen; MEF, mefenamic acid.

^*Data of our studies, unpublished data.