Table 2.
Characteristics of male and female patients according to the presence or absence of locomotive syndrome in the stand‐up test or two‐step test
| Locomotive syndrome | Stand‐up test | P | Two‐step test | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | No | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | |||
| Male patients | ||||||||
| n | 61 | 41 | 13 | – | 33 | 81 | 1 | – |
| Age (years) | 63 (48–68) | 71 (64.5–75) | 74 (60–82) | <0.001 | 63 (48–68) | 69 (58.5–74) | 60 | 0.008 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.1 (22.0–26.3) | 23.4 (21.8–25.4) | 24.0 (20.4–25.5) | 0.788 | 23.8 (21.1–27.3) | 23.5 (22.0–25.9) | 24.5 | 0.873 |
| Skeletal mass index (kg/m2) | 7.74 (7.01–8.07) | 7.20 (6.72–7.88) | 7.12 (6.23–8.56) | 0.056 | 7.74 (7.30–8.29) | 7.31 (6.79–7.99) | 7.12 | 0.110 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 39.5 (33.6–44.8) | 34.0 (29.3–40.0) | 28.3 (22.3–30.8) | <0.001 | 40.0 (34.3–44.8) | 34.0 (29.4–40.1) | 19.5 | 0.003 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 129 (121–142) | 135 (128–145) | 130 (126–146) | 0.462 | 129 (121–141) | 134 (125–145) | 126 | 0.512 |
| vDiastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80 (75–89) | 77 (69–86) | 77 (74–82) | 0.456 | 79 (73–85.5) | 79 (71–87) | 82 | 0.921 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 7.7 (6.9–9.0) | 7.4 (6.8–8.7) | 7.2 (6.7–8.2) | 0.651 | 7.5 (6.8–8.7) | 7.4 (6.8–8.8) | 7.3 | 0.960 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 196.5 (171.5–216) | 181 (159–204) | 176 (149.5–200.8) | 0.091 | 183 (173.5–209) | 187 (163–213.5) | 154 | 0.487 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 127 (80.5–182.5) | 106 (77–165) | 106 (77–177.8) | 0.333 | 177 (77–166) | 113 (80–181) | 183 | 0.489 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.88 (0.76–1.04) | 0.80 (0.68–1.07) | 0.94 (0.65–1.11) | 0.296 | 0.88 (0.78–1.05) | 0.83 (0.71–1.07) | 0.69 | 0.380 |
| Urinary albumin excretion (mg/g Cr) | 17.4 (7.33–40.3) | 19.8 (8.95–115.1) | 314.9 (17.1–983.2) | 0.024 | 11.5 (7.30–55.6) | 21.7 (9.30–112.8) | 66.8 | 0.178 |
| Smoking (never/previous/current) | 32/16/13 | 23/12/6 | 11/2/0 | 0.035 | 17/10/6 | 23/12/6 | 1/0/0 | 0.008 |
| Drinking (never/social/everyday) | 56/1/4 | 39/1/1 | 13/0/0 | 0.118 | 30/1/3 | 77/2/2 | 1/0/0 | 0.031 |
| Antidiabetic drug (−/+) | 23/38 | 5/36 | 2/11 | 0.073 | 10/23 | 20/61 | 0/1 | 0.007 |
| Antihypertensive drug (−/+) | 42/19 | 22/19 | 2/11 | 0.086 | 23/10 | 43/38 | 0/1 | 0.0283 |
| Antihyperlipidemic drug (−/+) | 49/12 | 33/8 | 9/4 | 0.007 | 26/7 | 65/16 | 0/1 | 0.027 |
| Drug for treatment of osteoporosis (−/+) | 60/1 | 40/1 | 13/0 | 0.028 | 33/0 | 79/2 | 1/0 | 0.070 |
| Diabetic retinopathy (−/+) | 57/4 | 37/3 | 13/0 | 0.173 | 31/2 | 76/5 | 1/0 | 0.047 |
| Diabetic nephropathy (−/+) | 51/10 | 32/9 | 6/7 | 0.083 | 30/3 | 59/22 | 1/0 | 0.067 |
| Diabetic neuropathy (−/+) | 56/5 | 35/6 | 12/1 | 0.015 | 32/1 | 70/11 | 1/0 | 0.047 |
| Cardiovascular disease (−/+) | 57/4 | 36/5 | 8/5 | 0.148 | 31/2 | 70/11 | 1/0 | 0.937 |
| Female patients | ||||||||
| n | 51 | 40 | 24 | – | 15 | 94 | 5 | – |
| Age (years) | 57 (49–68) | 68 (62–75) | 72 (64–80) | <0.001 | 61 (51–69) | 66 (53–74) | 66 (60–78) | 0.263 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.0 (21.6–27.9) | 24.3 (21.1–27.5) | 26.7 (22.9–32.1) | 0.198 | 25.2 (23.0–26.8) | 24.8 (21.1–28.0) | 34.3 (24.1–35.7) | 0.163 |
| Skeletal mass index (kg/m2) | 6.48 (5.87–7.06) | 6.14 (5.62–6.99) | 6.61 (5.62–7.14) | 0.613 | 6.42 (5.87–6.88) | 6.34 (5.66–7.07) | 6.87 (5.93–8.15) | 0.507 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 26.5 (23.0–30.3) | 20.0 (18.0–24.0) | 20.0 (15.9–23.1) | <0.001 | 25.8 (19.8–30.0) | 22.5 (19.0–27.0) | 20.0 (18.5–22.3) | 0.167 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 133 (117–140) | 135 (128–147) | 137 (130–143) | 0.287 | 134 (120–149) | 134 (125–142) | 137 (132–147) | 0.600 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 (72–86) | 80 (69–85) | 83 (70–87) | 0.759 | 79 (73–85.5) | 79 (71–87) | 82 | 0.188 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 6.9 (6.4–7.7) | 7.3 (6.5–8.6) | 7.2 (6.5–8.2) | 0.420 | 6.9 (6.3–7.4) | 7.2 (6.5–8.2) | 7.2 (6.5–8.7) | 0.558 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 213 (195–237) | 200 (178–225) | 193 (177–216) | 0.041 | 207 (187–220) | 210 (182–231) | 178 (166–211) | 0.287 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 136 (85–171) | 118 (71–142) | 123 (87–152) | 0.149 | 142 (107–178) | 124 (76–155) | 111 (76–195) | 0.302 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.63 (0.56–0.70) | 0.64 (0.57–0.70) | 0.66 (0.54–0.73) | 0.582 | 0.64 (0.57–0.68) | 0.63 (0.56–0.70) | 0.72 (0.48–0.84) | 0.760 |
| Urinary albumin excretion (mg/g Cr) | 14.0 (8.78–34.5) | 19.6 (13.4–63.3) | 41.2 (17.4–96.3) | 0.001 | 11.0 (8.1–23.6) | 20.8 (13–46.1) | 35.9 (18.1–497.2) | 0.036 |
| Smoking (never/previous/current) | 47/4/0 | 36/2/2 | 20/3/1 | 0.052 | 13/2/0 | 85/7/2 | 4/0/1 | 0.051 |
| Drinking (never/social/everyday) | 48/2/1 | 39/0/1 | 24/0/0 | 0.106 | 15/0/0 | 90/2/2 | 5/0/0 | 0.039 |
| Antidiabetic drug | 18/33 | 9/31 | 1/23 | 0.082 | 5/10 | 23/71 | 0/5 | 0.027 |
| Antihypertensive drug | 31/20 | 27/13 | 8/16 | 0.048 | 10/5 | 55/39 | 0/5 | 0.059 |
| Antihyperlipidemic drug | 36/15 | 30/10 | 14/10 | 0.014 | 8/7 | 72/22 | 0/5 | 0.115 |
| Drug for treatment of osteoporosis (−/+) | 48/3 | 40/0 | 23/1 | 0.104 | 14/1 | 91/3 | 5/0 | 0.021 |
| Diabetic retinopathy (−/+) | 48/3 | 36/4 | 19/5 | 0.055 | 12/3 | 87/7 | 3/2 | 0.097 |
| Diabetic nephropathy (−/+) | 43/8 | 30/10 | 16/8 | 0.044 | 14/1 | 72/22 | 2/3 | 0.049 |
| Diabetic neuropathy (−/+) | 44/7 | 31/9 | 23/1 | 0.048 | 12/3 | 80/14 | 5/0 | 0.020 |
| Cardiovascular disease (−/+) | 49/2 | 36/4 | 24/0 | 0.145 | 13/2 | 90/4 | 5/0 | 0.039 |
Data are expressed as the mean (standard deviation) or absolute number. The P‐value of the Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables and χ2‐test for categorical variables are shown.