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. 2020 Jul 7;11(6):1403–1419. doi: 10.1111/jdi.13303

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) expression. (a) HepG2 cells cultured in minimal essential medium were incubated with the indicated concentration of reagents overnight. Total NAD+ was then assessed in these cells. AMPK activators, metformin and resveratrol increased NAD levels (n = 3, *P < 0.05 vs none). 10 mmol/L nicotinamide without AMPK activators could also increase NAD+ levels (n = 3, **P < 0.01 vs none). (b) NAMPT expression was stimulated by1 mmol/L 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide (an AMPK activator). NAMPT messenger ribonucleic acid expression was increased seven‐ to tenfold by activation of AMPK (n = 3, *P < 0.05) in 2–5 h, but returned to baseline at 24 h.