Table 2.

Characteristics of the participants divided by urine pH at baseline

	U‐pH ≤5.0	U‐pH = 5.5	U‐pH = 6.0	U‐pH ≥6.5	P
n
Men	1,610	2,442	1,675	2,300	–
Women	987	1,171	814	1,477	–
Age (years)
Men	50 ± 8	47 ± 9	47 ± 9	48 ± 10	<0.001
Women	48 ± 9	46 ± 9	47 ± 10	48 ± 9	<0.001
Body mass index
Men	24.2 ± 3.1	23.8 ± 3.1	23.8 ± 3.0	23.6 ± 2.9	<0.001
Women	21.5 ± 3.2	21.6 ± 3.3	21.6 ± 3.4	21.7 ± 3.1	0.568
Obesity †
Men	713 (44.3)	916 (37.5)	630 (37.6)	796 (34.6)	<0.001
Women	155 (15.7)	203 (17.3)	134 (16.5)	233 (15.8)	0.684
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)
Men	92 ± 10	91 ± 9	91 ± 8	90 ± 8	<0.001
Women	86 ± 8	86 ± 8	86 ± 8	85 ± 8	0.510
HbA1c (%)
Men	5.3 ± 0.4	5.2 ± 0.3	5.2 ± 0.3	5.2 ± 0.3	<0.001
Women	5.2 ± 0.3	5.1 ± 0.3	5.1 ± 0.3	5.2 ± 0.3	0.002

Variables are expressed as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation.

^†Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25. HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; U‐pH, urine pH.