Table 3.
Cox proportional hazard analyses for new onset of diabetes mellitus in men
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| U‐pH ≤5.0 | 1.93 (1.54–2.52) | <0.001 | 1.52 (1.18–1.95) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.07–1.79) | 0.001 |
| U‐pH 5.5 | 1.46 (1.15–1.85) | 0.001 | 1.33 (1.04–1.69) | 0.002 | 1.17 (0.91–1.50) | 0.197 |
| U‐pH 6.0 | 1.18 (0.89–1.55) | 0.231 | 1.09 (0.83–1.44) | 0.504 | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 0.711 |
| U‐pH ≥6.5 | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Age (per 10 years) | – | – | 1.17 (1.06–1.30) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.06–1.32) | <0.001 |
| Obesity † | – | – | 1.91 (1.60–2.29) | <0.001 | 1.76 (1.46–2.12) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL) | – | – | 9.7 (8.0–11.7) | <0.001 | 9.7 (8.0–11.8) | <0.001 |
| Smoking habit | – | – | – | – | 1.76 (1.46–2.11) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol drinking habit | – | – | – | – | 0.83 (0.68–1.05) | 0.140 |
| Family history of DM | – | – | – | – | 1.41 (1.15–1.73) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | – | – | – | – | 1.20 (0.93–1.54) | 0.145 |
| Antidyslipidemic drugs | – | – | – | – | 1.63 (1.18–2.25) | <0.001 |
| (AIC 8,960) | (AIC 8,195) | (AIC 7,788) | ||||
a
n = 8,027. †Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25. AIC, Akaike's information criterion; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; U‐pH, urine pH.