Table 4.
Cox proportional hazards analyses for new onset of diabetes mellitus in women
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| U‐pH ≤5.0 | 1.18 (0.73–1.90) | 0.481 | 1.03 (0.64–1.66) | 0.888 | 1.02 (0.62–1.67) | 0.930 |
| U‐pH 5.5 | 1.25 (0.80–1.95) | 0.322 | 1.11 (0.70–1.75) | 0.635 | 1.17 (0.74–1.86) | 0.494 |
| U‐pH 6.0 | 1.08 (0.64–1.81) | 0.762 | 0.99 (0.59–1.67) | 0.987 | 1.01 (0.60–1.72) | 0.952 |
| U‐pH ≥6.5 | Reference | – | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Age (per 10 years) | – | – | 1.31 (1.08–1.58) | 0.004 | 1.35 (1.10–1.66) | 0.004 |
| Obesity † | – | – | 2.61 (1.82–3.73) | <0.001 | 2.61 (1.80–3.77) | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL) | – | – | 13.3 (9.2–19.0) | <0.001 | 12.4 (8.5–17.9) | <0.001 |
| Smoking habit | – | – | – | – | 1.38 (0.89–2.15) | 0.142 |
| Alcohol drinking habit | – | – | – | – | 0.93 (0.54–1.60) | 0.797 |
| Family history of DM | – | – | – | – | 1.73 (1.18–2.54) | 0.004 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | – | – | – | – | 1.20 (0.72–2.00) | 0.464 |
| Antidyslipidemic drugs | – | – | – | – | 1.65 (0.92–9.75) | 0.091 |
| (AIC 2,104) | (AIC 1,871) | (AIC 1,802) | ||||
a
n = 4,449. †Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25. AIC, Akaike's information criterion; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; HR, hazard ratio; U‐pH, urine pH.