Table 3. . Summary of porphysomes.
| Porphysome modification | Application | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| Various porphyrin sources: pyropheophorbide, zinc-pyropheophorbide, bacteriochlorophyll | Fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy of KB cell xenografts | [146] |
| 64Cu chelation | PET-CT imaging in orthotopic PC3 prostate cancer model | [48] |
| PET-CT imaging of prostate cancer bone metastases | [147] | |
| PET-CT imaging of head and neck cancer and metastases in a rabbit model | [150] | |
| MRI-guided focal photothermal therapy of prostate tumors | [151] | |
| Fluorescence detection of tumors and metastases in rabbit endometrial cancer model | [153] | |
| None | Photothermal therapy of hypoxic and hyperoxic KB xenograft tumors | [53] |
| Photothermal therapy in a patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenograft model | [148] | |
| Mn3+ chelation | MRI and photothermal therapy | [149] |
| Doping with bacteriopheophorbide−lipid | FRET to determine intactness of porphysomes | [47] |
| Utilized chlorin derivatives (including zinc chelate) as porphyrin source | Photoacoustic imaging of hamster cheek pouch tumor | [152] |
| Incorporation of redox-sensitive linkage and encapsulation of indoleamine 2,3dioxygenase (IDO) | Photoimmunotherapy of breast cancer | [154] |
CT: Computed tomography; FRET: Forster resonance energy transfer; PET: Positron emission tomography.