Table 1.

A summary of NPs as subunit peptide and mRNA cancer vaccines carriers.

Forms	Formulations	Antigen used	Tumor model	Injection route	Preclinical or clinical	Ref.
Subunit peptide vaccine	Lipid NPs	Synthetic long peptides	None	Intradermally	Preclinical	[111]
		OVA	E.G7-OVA tumor	Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[20,112]
		Trp2 peptide	Melanoma	Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[113]
	Polymeric NPs	OVA	E.G7-OVA	Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[114]
		TRP2	Melanoma	Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[115]
		OVA		Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[116]
		OVA/Gp100/Trp1/ Trp2Obsl1Kif18b/Def8/ Reps1/Adpgk/Dpagt1	Melanoma/colon cancer	Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[117]
	Protein conjugate	E7 peptide/Trp2	TC-1 tumors/ melanomas	Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[118]
	Gold	OVA	EG7-OVA	Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[119]
		SIINFEKL peptide	None	Intradermally	Preclinical	[120]
	Aluminum	OVA	Melanoma	Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[121]
	Miconeedles	OVA	Melanoma	Intradermally	Preclinical	[122]
		OVA		Intradermally	Preclinical	[123]
mRNA vaccine	Lipid NPs	MART-1	Melanoma	Intravenously	Preclinical	[124]
		gp100 and TRP2	Melanoma	Subcutaneously	Preclinical	[125]
		NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A3, tyrosinase and TPTE	Melanoma	Intravenously	Clinical	[126]
		OVA	None	Intravenously	Preclinical	[127]