Table 2.

Effects of tree diversity, temperature and rainfall on (a) insect herbivory and (b) leaf phenolic concentration. Predictors that were excluded from the final model during simplification are not shown. Bold predictors have a significant effect

Predictors	Standardized estimate ± SD	df	t value	p value	$R_{\text{m}}^2\left(R_{\text{c}}^2\right)$	Random intercept effects (variance ± SD)
						Site	Block:Site	Plot:Block:Site
(a) Herbivory
w/Sp. richness					0.22 (0.59)	1.95 ± 1.40	0.25 ± 0.50	0.41 ± 0.64
Intercept	3.81 ± 0.43	10.35	8.93	<0.001
Species richness	−0.05 ± 0.09	142.59	−0.551	0.582
Temperature	1.21 ± 0.46	10.26	2.64	0.024
Sp. richness × Temperature	0.19 ± 0.09	135.27	2.14	0.034
w/Birch ED					0.21 (0.59)	1.91 ± 1.38	0.25 ± 0.50	0.45 ± 0.67
Intercept	3.82 ± 0.42	10.34	9.05	<0.001
Temperature	1.21 ± 0.45	10.24	2.68	0.023
(b) Phenolics
w/Sp. richness and Birch ED					0.46 (0.67)	1586.60 ± 39.82	0.00 ± 0.00	993.60 ± 31.52
Intercept	327.30 ± 13.30	6.89	24.62	<0.001
Species richness	11.47 ± 4.39	148.33	2.61	0.010
Birch ED	−13.37 ± 5.16	140.89	−2.59	0.011
Temperature	53.06 ± 14.32	6.82	3.71	0.008
Rainfall	−31.14 ± 13.33	6.83	−2.34	0.053
Birch ED × Temperature	−8.84 ± 4.89	124.77	−1.81	0.073
Birch ED × Rainfall	−5.15 ± 4.75	131.52	−1.09	0.280
Temp. × Rainfall	29.79 ± 12.72	6.72	2.34	0.053
Birch ED × Temp. × Rainfall	−13.22 ± 4.15	121.02	−3.19	0.002