. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Funct Ecol. 2020 Oct 14;35(1):67–81. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13700

Table 3.

Effects of leaf phenolic concentration on insect herbivory as a covariate of tree diversity, temperature and rainfall. Predictors that were excluded from the final model during simplification are not shown. Bold predictors have a significant effect

Predictors	Standardized estimate ± SD	df	t value	p value	$R_{m}^{2} (R_{c}^{2})$	Random intercept effects (variance ± SD)
Predictors	Standardized estimate ± SD	df	t value	p value	$R_{m}^{2} (R_{c}^{2})$	Site	Block:Site	Plot:Block:Site
Herbivory w/Sp. richness					0.24 (0.58)	1.77 ± 1.33	0.30 ± 0.55	0.42 ± 0.65
Intercept	3.96 ± 0.43	9.30	9.20	<0.001
Temperature	1.41 ± 0.45	9.57	3.15	0.011
Phenolics	−0.29 ± 0.12	466.99	−2.39	0.017
Herbivory w/Birch ED					0.25 (0.59)	1.84 ± 1.36	0.31 ± 0.55	0.35 ± 0.59
Intercept	3.99 ± 0.44	9.29	9.11	<0.001
Birch ED	0.02 ± 0.10	111.88	0.22	0.826
Temperature	1.41 ± 0.46	9.54	3.11	0.012
Phenolics	−0.25 ± 0.12	476.63	−2.04	0.042
Birch ED × Phenolics	0.23 ± 0.10	285.52	2.42	0.016