Table 7.
Minerals and cardiometabolic biomarkers | Matched person-visits of pond water drinkers considered as comparison group | Matched person-visits of coastal groundwater drinkers considered as comparison group | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value | |
Urinary Na | 0.993 | 0.991, 0.995 | <0.001 | 0.996 | 0.994, 0.998 | <0.001 |
Urinary chloride | 0.992 | 0.990, 0.994 | <0.001 | 0.994 | 0.992, 0.996 | <0.001 |
Urinary K | 0.971 | 0.962, 0.980 | <0.001 | 0.980 | 0.972, 0.989 | <0.001 |
Urinary Ca | 0.788 | 0.741, 0.837 | <0.001 | 0.719 | 0.678, 0.763 | <0.001 |
Urinary Mg | 0.866 | 0.816, 0.918 | <0.001 | 0.832 | 0.783, 0.883 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure | 0.990 | 0.979, 1.002 | 0.113 | 1.034 | 1.020, 1.049 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 0.981 | 0.963, 0.998 | 0.025 | 1.055 | 1.034, 1.077 | <0.001 |
Twenty-four-hour urinary total protein | 1.000 | 1.000, 1.000 | 0.246 | 1.000 | 0.999, 1.000 | <0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose | 1.023 | 0.893, 1.172 | 0.746 | 2.830 | 2.009, 3.987 | <0.001 |
Non-coastal groundwater could not be included for within-person effect of drinking rainwater since none of the participants reported drinking rainwater in the non-coastal region.
Within-person effect of drinking rainwater on lipids could not be determined since lipids were measured only in one visit.