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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 25.
Published in final edited form as: NPJ Clean Water. 2020 Apr 24;3:20. doi: 10.1038/s41545-020-0067-5

Table 7.

Within-person effect of drinking rainwater on 24-h urinary mineral concentrations and cardiometabolic biomarkers among conditional logistic regression models.

Minerals and cardiometabolic biomarkers Matched person-visits of pond water drinkers considered as comparison group Matched person-visits of coastal groundwater drinkers considered as comparison group
Odds ratio 95% CI p-value Odds ratio 95% CI p-value
Urinary Na 0.993 0.991, 0.995 <0.001 0.996 0.994, 0.998 <0.001
Urinary chloride 0.992 0.990, 0.994 <0.001 0.994 0.992, 0.996 <0.001
Urinary K 0.971 0.962, 0.980 <0.001 0.980 0.972, 0.989 <0.001
Urinary Ca 0.788 0.741, 0.837 <0.001 0.719 0.678, 0.763 <0.001
Urinary Mg 0.866 0.816, 0.918 <0.001 0.832 0.783, 0.883 <0.001
Systolic blood pressure 0.990 0.979, 1.002 0.113 1.034 1.020, 1.049 <0.001
Diastolic blood pressure 0.981 0.963, 0.998 0.025 1.055 1.034, 1.077 <0.001
Twenty-four-hour urinary total protein 1.000 1.000, 1.000 0.246 1.000 0.999, 1.000 <0.001
Fasting blood glucose 1.023 0.893, 1.172 0.746 2.830 2.009, 3.987 <0.001

Non-coastal groundwater could not be included for within-person effect of drinking rainwater since none of the participants reported drinking rainwater in the non-coastal region.

Within-person effect of drinking rainwater on lipids could not be determined since lipids were measured only in one visit.