a, Superposition of RagA subunits in the open (yellow) and closed (cyan) RagAB complexes in the OC state, showing the rigid-body movement of RagB. Equivalent points are indicated by x,y,z (closed RagB; green) and by x*, y*, z* (open RagB; red). The arrow indicates the approximate pivot point in the N-terminus of RagB at the back of the complex. b, Superposition as in (a), viewed from the extracellular side. Lid opening results in displacements of up to 45 Å for main chain atoms at the front of the complex, furthest away from the RagB N-terminus. c, Superposition of the open and closed states of RagB, with the N-termini indicated. d, Extracellular view of superposed RagA, with selected loops labelled. The conformational changes upon lid movement are mostly confined to those parts of the protein that continue to interact with RagB at the back of the complex (L7-L9).