Table 1. Milestones in genetic alteration of NHPS.

Milestone	Species	Country	Reference
First transgenic NHP (ANDi); GFP reporter gene	M. mulatta	USA	Chan et al. (2001)
First transgenic NHP disease model— Huntington’s disease (HD); human mutant huntingtin gene	M. mulatta	USA	Yang et al. (2008)
Germline transmission (inherited vector-integrated transgene from parents); enhanced GFP gene	C. jacchus	Japan	Sasaki et al. (2009)
First GE NHP using TALENS—Rett syndrome (RTT); human MeCP2 gene	M. mulatta M. fascicularis	China	Liu et al. (2014)
First GE NHP using CRISPR/Cas9; Ppar-γ and Rag1 genes	M. fascicularis	China	Niu et al. (2014)
Generation of chimeric fetuses using embryonic stem cells	M. fascicularis	China	Chen et al. (2015)
First GE NHP using ZFNS/TALENS— model of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); IL2RG gene	C. jacchus	Japan	Sato et al. (2016)
Cloning of a gene-edited NHP using SCNT; knockout of circadian transcription factor BMAL1	M. fascicularis	China	Liu et al. (2019)