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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Sci. 2021 Mar 4;134(5):jcs252676. doi: 10.1242/jcs.252676

Figure 4. Nuclear and cellular egress of HSV-1.

Figure 4

A Viral capsids assembled in the nucleus interact with the inner nuclear membrane (INM) via the viral nuclear egress complex (NEC). During primary envelopment, the NEC locally disassembles the nuclear lamina (1) and helps the INM envelop the capsid (2), which is sealed with the help of the ESCRT complex (3-4). Next, enveloped capsids fuse with the outer nuclear membrane (ONM) (5) to release the virions into the cytoplasm, in a process called de-envelopment (6). B In the cytoplasm, capsids acquire tegument before getting enveloped by trans-Golgi or endosomal membranes enriched in viral proteins and sealed by ESCRT during this secondary envelopment. Enveloped virions are transported to the basolateral domain of the plasma membrane, including cell junctions, for release. Electron micrographs in A: from (Mettenleiter et al., 2013) and B: from (Maringer et al., 2012).