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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Cell Sci. 2021 Mar 4;134(5):jcs252676. doi: 10.1242/jcs.252676

Figure 5. Non-lytic egress of non-enveloped viruses.

Figure 5

A Enteroviruses replicate in cytoplasmic replication organelles (ROs) associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A proportion of mature virions are packaged into LC3-positive secretory autophagosomes (arrow head in B (Dales et al., 1965)), whereas others accumulate intracellularly. C Rotavirus also replicates and assemble in ROs associated with ER membranes, which are used for envelopment (see arrow head in D (Poruchynsky et al., 1991)). This membrane is subsequently removed in the ER lumen before virions are released, possibly by a non-conventional secretory pathway (Jourdan et al., 1997). E Orthoreovirus replicates in ROs associated with the ER and other membranes before accumulating inside a sorting organelle (SO) with lysosomal identity (LAMP1 positive) by an unknown mechanism. Membrane carriers (MC) then bud from the SO to transport virions to the plasma membrane. F The electron micrograph shows the close proximity between the RO and the SO in orthoreovirus-infected cells, also associated with mitochondrial membranes (M) (Fernandez de Castro et al., 2020). Scale bars, 200 nm.