Extended Data Figure 6. Behavioral change in adult vs. juvenile birds.

(a-d) Comparison of within-day repertoire dating results during and after the end of development (average over 3 birds). Top: Juvenile birds. Bottom: Same birds but as adults.

(a) Large scale embeddings analogous to Fig. 2a.

(b) Repertoire dating percentiles, analogous to Fig. 3a,b.

(c) Stratified mixing matrix, analogous to Fig. 3g.

(d) Stratified behavioral trajectories, analogous to Fig. 3h-k.

(e) Shift and span values for the 50^th percentile, juvenile and adult birds (labels). Points indicate individual birds. Song in adult birds is not static, but the time-course of change differs from that observed in juveniles. First, change in adults is substantially smaller than in juveniles (slope of 50^th percentile in b, top vs. b, bottom). Second, the relation of fast (within-day) change and slow (across-day) change differs in juveniles vs. adults. In juveniles, vocalizations move along the DiSC (vertical axes in (b); slow local axis in (d)) within each day and the repertoire time of typical renditions increases by about 1 day from morning to evening (50^th percentile; span ≈ 1 day) and is maintained through the next morning (shift ≈ 0 days). In adults, typical renditions do not show any evidence of within-day progress along the DiSC (span≈0 days) but change overnight across days (shift > 0 days). In adults, the regressive tail of the repertoire in particular moves towards smaller values during the day (b, bottom, right; 5^th percentile), whereas in juveniles it consistently moves towards larger values (b, top). Both in juvenile and adult birds, within-day change has a strong component that is misaligned with the DiSC (within-day axis in (d)).