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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: Nephron Clin Pract. 2014 Oct 24;128(1-2):29–38. doi: 10.1159/000357675

Table 2. Characteristics of patient cohorts with and without post-operative AKI.

No AKI (n = 3,985) Any AKI (n = 587) P
mean ± SD/count column, % mean ± SD/count column, %
Age, years   66.6 ± 11.0   68.7 ± 10.9 <0.001
Sex   0.846
      Male 2,819 70.7     413 70.4
Pre-operative creatinine, pmol/l   94.5 ± 31.5 117.7 ± 68.7 <0.001
eGFR group (MDRD) <0.001
      GFR <60 1,206 31     316 55.1
      GFR 60+ 2,687 69     257 44.9
NYHA <0.001
      I    998 25     105 17.9
      II 1,005 25.2     128 21.8
      III 1,639 41.1     240 40.9
      IV    343   8.6     114 19.4
Previous MI <0.001
      None 2,689 67.5     364 62
      1 1,031 25.9     157 26.7
      2 or more    257   6.4       66 11.2
      Unknown        8   0.2         0   0
Last MI    0.031
      MI <6 h        0      0.0        1      0.2
      MI >90 days    644    16.2    105    17.9
      MI 1 - 30 days    441    11.1      81    13.8
      MI 31 - 90 days    186     4.7      31      5.3
      MI 6 - 24 h      17     0.4        3      0.5
      No previous MI 2,696    67.7    366    62.4
LV ejection fraction <0.001
      Good (>50%) 1,772    44.5    228    38.8
      Fair (30 - 49%)    646    16.2    107    18.2
      Poor (<30%)    179      4.5      50      8.5
      Not measured 1,378    34.6    202    34.4
Hypertension <0.001
      No hypertension 1,023     25.7     90     15.3
      Treated or BP >140/90 on 1 occasion
      before admission 2,767     69.4     456     77.7
Claudication    0.128
      No 3,472     87.4     498     85.1
      Yes    501     12.6      87     14.9
Carotid occlusion    0.629
      No 3,873     98.2     575     98.5
      Yes      72       1.8         9       1.5
Diabetes mellitus <0.001
      Not diabetic 3,251     81.6     422     71.9
      Diabetic    734     18.4     165     28.1
Weight, kg    81.2 ± 21.5     83.5 ± 17.2   0.013
Smoking   0.984
      Current smoker    567     14.2       84     14.3
      Ex-smoker 2,025     50.8     300     51.1
      Never smoked 1,393     35.0     203     34.6
Cardiogenic shock    0.02
      No 3,944     99.0     572     97.4
      Yes      41       1       15       2.6
Pre-operative IABP <0.001
      No 3,813     95.7     533     90.8
      Yes    172       4.3       54       9.2
Cardiac procedure <0.001
      CABG 2,300     57.7     276     47.0
      CABG + other      25       0.6         6       1.0
      CABG + valve    482     12.1       91     15.5
      CABG + valve + other      26       0.7         9       1.5
      Other      89       2.2       34       5.8
      Valve    933     23.4     157     26.7
      Valve + other    130       3.3       14       2.4
Additive EuroSCORE    4.8 ± 3.1     6.5 ± 3.6 <0.001

Summary of key pre-operative characteristics of subjects stratified by the presence of post-operative AKI. p values quoted were calculated using Pearson χ 2 tests and unpaired t tests with Bonferroni correction. CABG = Coronary artery bypass grafting; IABP = intraaortic balloon pump; MI = myocardial infarction.