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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: Nephron Clin Pract. 2014 Oct 24;128(1-2):29–38. doi: 10.1159/000357675

Table 5. Characteristics of patient cohorts stratified by inpatient mortality.

Alive (n = 4,406) Died as inpatient (n = 166) p
mean ± SD/count column, % mean ± SD/count column, %
Pre-operative creatinine   96.6 ± 37.5 120.5 ± 66.2 <0.001
Age, years   66.8 ± 11   70.4 ± 11 <0.001
Sex <0.05
      Female 1,273 28.9      67 40.4
      Male 3,133 71.1      99 59.6
Dyspnoea status <0.001
      NYHA I 1,073 24.4      30 18.1
      NYHA II 1,110 25.2      23 13.9
      NYHA III 1,807 41      72 43.4
      NYHA IV    416   9.4      41 24.7
Previous MI <0.05
      None 2,954 67      99 56.9
      One 1,141 25.9      47 28.3
      Two or more    304   6.9      19 11.4
      Unknown        7   0.2        1   0.6
Active endocarditis <0.001
      yes      87   2      13   7.8
Last MI <0.001
      MI <6 h        0   0        1   0.6
      MI >90 days    724 16.4      25 15.1
      MI 1 – 30 days    492 11.2      30 18.1
      MI 31 – 90 days    209   4.7        8   4.8
      MI 6 – 24 h      18   0.4        2   1.2
      No previous MI 2,962 67.2     100 60.2
Hypertension <0.01
      No hypertension 1,084 24.6        29 17.5
      Treated or BP >140/90 on >1 occasion
      prior to admission 3,102 70.4      121 72.9
      Unknown   220    5        16   9.6
Smoking    0.93
      Current smoker    626 14.2        25 15.1
      Ex-smoker 2,240 50.8        85 51.2
      Never smoked 1,540 35        56 33.7
Diabetic?    0.143
      Not diabetic 3,547 80.5      126 75.9
      Diabetic    859 19.5        40 24.1
Carotid occlusion    0.985
      No 4,285 98.2       163 98.2
      Yes      78   1.8           3   1.8
Claudication <0.05
      No 3,836 87.3       134 80.7
      Yes    556 12.7         32 19.3
Additive EuroSCORE      4.9 ± 3.1       9.0 ± 3.8 <0.001
Logistic EuroSCORE (% predicted mortality)      5.9 ± 8.3     18.9 ± 18.2 <0.001
Cardiogenic shock <0.001
      No 4,363    99       153 92.2
      Yes      43      1         13   7.8
Pre-operative IABP <0.001
      No 4,206 95.5       200 84.5
      Yes    200   4.5         26  15.7
Cardiac procedure <0.001
      CABG 2,525 57.3         51 30.7
      CABG + other      26   0.6           5   3
      CABG + valve    540 12.3         33 19.9
      CABG + valve + other      28   0.6          7   4.2
      Other   100    2.3         23 13.9
      Valve 1,055  23.9         35 21.1
      Valve + other    132    3.0         12   7.2
Operative priority <0.001
      Elective 3,288  74.6         89  53.6
      Emergency    132    3         24  14.5
      Salvage        2    0           3    1.8
      Urgent    984 22.3         50  30.1
Bypass time, min    109 ± 48 160.7 ± 92.7 <0.001
Cross-clamp time, min  79.3 ± 89.5   97.4 ± 54.8 <0.05
Bloods transfused total (red cell concentrate units)    2.1 ± 38.7     4.4 ± 5.8    0.45
Post-operative AKI <0.001
      No 3,906 88.7         97 58.4
      Yes    500 11.3         69 41.6

Summary of key pre-operative and peri-operative characteristics of subjects stratified by post-operative survival vs. mortality. p values quoted were calculated using Pearson χ2 tests and unpaired t tests with Bonferroni correction. CABG = Coronary artery bypass grafting; IABP = intra-aortic balloon pump; MI = myocardial infarction.