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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Apr 13;69:65–71. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.016

Figure 1. Potential factors affecting cytokine spreading in the TME.

Figure 1

The spatiotemporal behavior of CD8+ T cell cytokines is likely to depend on A) the mode of cytokine secretion by the producing cell, and B) environmental factors influencing receptor-mediated clearance, cytokine half-life, cytokine binding to extracellular components, and feedback/ feedforward loops. Variation between these factors is expected between tumors, due to e.g. their genetic make-up, immune infiltrate, molecular ECM structure, level of hypoxia, and nutrient availability.