TABLE 3.
Urban survey: associations between antibody (IgE and IgG4) concentrations and current S. mansoni infection and skin prick test reactivity
| Antigen | Antibody | Geometric mean | aGMR (95% CI) d , e | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sm‐ a | Sm+ | ||||
| SWA | IgE c | 2188 | 3949 | 1.75 (1.58, 1.94) | <.001 |
| IgG4 c | 12,134 | 80,715 | 5.93 (3.76, 9.38) | <.001 | |
| SEA | IgE c | 2434 | 4660 | 1.88 (1.63, 2.16) | <.001 |
| IgG4 c | 981 | 83,098 | 65.9 (41.4, 104.8) | <.001 | |
| House dust mite | IgE b | 0.18 | 0.25 | 1.39 (0.65, 3.00) | .379 |
| IgE c | 16.57 | 38.20 | 2.08 (1.05, 4.12) | .037 | |
| IgG4 c | 19.56 | 29.02 | 1.62 (0.99, 2.66) | .056 | |
| German cockroach | IgE b | 0.18 | 0.22 | 1.09 (0.63, 1.88) | .745 |
| IgE c | 18.04 | 38.12 | 1.91 (1.03, 3.53) | .040 | |
| IgG4 c | 8.78 | 24.28 | 2.54 (1.37, 4.71) | .005 | |
| Total IgE b | 143.21 | 360.22 | 2.62 (1.81, 3.79) | <.001 | |
| Total IgG4 c | 12,196.94 | 25,104.18 | 1.96 (1.45, 2.64) | <.001 | |
| Cockroach SPT‐ a | Cockroach SPT+ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWA | IgE c | 2367 | 2551 | 1.08 (0.99, 1.16) | .057 |
| IgG4 c | 15,174 | 21,505 | 1.41 (0.87, 2.30) | .152 | |
| SEA | IgE c | 2645 | 3187 | 1.13 (1.03, 1.23) | .012 |
| IgG4 c | 2131 | 1171 | 0.28 (0.12, 0.63) | .004 | |
| German cockroach | IgE b | 0.13 | 1.70 | 13.49 (7.19, 25.32) | <.001 |
| IgE c | 16.39 | 79.46 | 4.64 (2.00, 10.78) | .001 | |
| IgG4 c | 9.08 | 23.59 | 3.45 (1.76, 6.77) | .001 | |
| Total IgE b | 140.72 | 505.65 | 4.19 (2.80, 6.28) | <.001 | |
| Total IgG4 c | 12,517.24 | 17,417.20 | 1.32 (0.83, 2.12) | .223 |
| Dust mite SPT− a | Dust mite SPT+ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWA | IgE c | 2365 | 2526 | 0.99 (0.91, 1.09) | .915 |
| IgG4 c | 15,601 | 19,133 | 0.88 (0.44, 1.75) | .707 | |
| SEA | IgE c | 2655 | 3018 | 1.02 (0.86, 1.19) | .835 |
| IgG4 c | 1884 | 2337 | 0.55 (0.26, 1.17) | .113 | |
| House dust mite | IgE b | 0.09 | 4.86 | 47.48 (24.1, 93.68) | <.001 |
| IgE c | 10.34 | 297.85 | 24.69 (12.9, 47.39) | <.001 | |
| IgG4 c | 20.05 | 32.33 | 2.10 (1.53, 2.87) | <.001 | |
| Total IgE b | 141.85 | 346.98 | 2.46 (1.65, 3.67) | <.001 | |
| Total IgG4 c | 12,526.67 | 16,210.02 | 1.26 (0.85, 1.87) | .233 |
Significant associations (p ≤ .05) are highlighted in bold.
Abbreviations: aGMR, adjusted geometric mean ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; SEA, Schistosoma egg antigen; Sm+, positive Kato‐Katz and/or PCR test for diagnosis of current infection with S. mansoni; Sm−, negative Kato‐Katz and PCR test for diagnosis of current infection with S. mansoni; SWA, Schistosoma adult worm antigen.
reference category
Antibody levels detected by ImmunoCAP®. Concentrations are in kU/L.
Antibody levels detected by ELISA. Concentrations are in ng/ml.
All geometric mean ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for survey design, age and sex.
Geometric mean ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between antibody levels and SPT reactivity were additionally adjusted for Sm result.