Efficacy of phage Phi-1 in reducing Vibrio cholerae O1 colonization of the infant rabbit intestine. Rabbits were administered 1 × 109 plaque-forming units (PFUs) phage Phi-1 orally, 6 hours before or after infection with 5-8 × 108 colony-forming units (CFUs) V. cholerae O1. Viable V. cholerae were recovered from the upper (A), middle (B), and distal (C) portions of the small intestine and in cecal fluid (D) 24 hours after bacterial infection, following tissue homogenization and plating on selective media. Symbols represent individual animals, with open symbols representing samples where the number of recoverable colonies was below the limit of detection. The number of animals in each group was 17, 22, and 19 respectively, and each group was derived from 3 independent litters. Bars represent the median and interquartile range. Data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn post hoc multiple-comparisons test.