Fig. 2. Chemical space shared by the currently reported G protein–biased ligands at μ-OR and ĸ-OR.
(A) Chemical structures of currently described G protein–biased ligands at the μ-OR and ĸ-OR. Of these, nalfurafine shows moderate selectivity at ĸ-OR compared with μ-OR and δ-OR, whereas the others exhibit substantial selectivity for the different receptors. (B) The different types of ligand bias that can be potentially manifested by opioid receptors.