Table 2. Total sodium concentrations in healthy controls and subjects grouped by clinical status at 15 years.
| Healthy controls (n=34) | Patients with CIS (n=18) | Patients with MS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All MS (n=78) | RRMS (n=65) | SPMS (n=13) | |||
| Brain parenchymal | 0.768 | 0.767 | 0.747*, † | 0.751 | 0.731¶ |
| fraction | (0.009) | (0.008) | (0.028) | (0.018) | (0.028) |
| Grey matter | 0.458 | 0.453 | 0.445*, ‡ | 0.447 | 0.438¶ |
| fraction | (0.009) | (0.006) | (0.014) | (0.012) | (0.014) |
| White matter | 0.310 | 0.314 | 0.302*, † | 0.303 | 0.293 ¶ |
| fraction | (0.011) | (0.010) | (0.016) | (0.016) | (0.016) |
| T2 lesion volume, ml | 11.08 (12.00) |
9.81 (11.60) |
17.97¶
(12.28) |
||
| T1 lesion volume, ml | 2.54 (3.52) |
1.90 (2.91) |
5.87¶
(4.53) |
||
| 23 Na MRI | |||||
| Cortical grey matter | 40.63 mM (2.33) |
40.68 mM (1.74) |
42.82 mM*
(3.53) |
42.30 mM (3.29) |
45.45 mM**
(3.69) |
| Deep grey matter | 34.83 mM (2.79) |
36.13 mM (1.69) |
36.69 mM§
(3.74) |
36.14 mM (3.47) |
39.47 mM**
(3.98) |
| Normal-appearing white matter | 32.03 mM (3.44) |
32.92 mM (2.43) |
34.85 mM§
(4.05) |
34.43 mM (3.95) |
36.95 mM (4.04) |
| White matter lesions | |||||
| All T2-hyperintense lesions | 45.58 mM (8.53) |
44.27 mM (8.27) |
51.99 mM¶
(6.92) |
||
| T1-isointense lesions | 43.93 mM (5.83) |
42.87 mM (7.04) |
49.30 mM¶
(5.83) |
||
| T1-hypointense lesions | 52.08 mM (7.43) |
51.02 mM (11.56) |
57.45 mM (7.43) |
||
All data presented as mean (SD).
*
P<0.01 compared with healthy controls.
†
P<0.01 compared with CIS;
‡
P<0.05 compared with CIS.
§
P<0.05 compared with healthy controls.
¶
P<0.01 compared with RRMS.
**
P<0.05 compared with RRMS.
CIS, clinically isolated syndrome; MS, multiple sclerosis; RRMS, relapsing-remitting MS; SPMS, secondary progressive MS.