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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Mater. 2021 Feb 18;20(8):1156–1166. doi: 10.1038/s41563-021-00919-2

Figure 3. Knocking out E-cadherin increases cell-substrate interactions.

Figure 3

a) Average isotropic stress around a +1/2 defect obtained from simulations for the control condition (left) and condition without intercellular forces (right) (n = 2,083 defects). b,c) Average yy (left)-, xy (middle)- and isotropic (right) components of stress around a + 1/2 defect obtained from experiments for (b) MDCK WT (n = 1,899 defects) and (c) E-cadherin KO (n = 1,428 defects) from 2 independent experiments. For a and b colour code represents the strength of the stress with positive for tensile state, negative for compression. d, e, f) velocity correlation length (d) (n=10), velocity (e) (n=10) and mean traction force (f) (n=12) of cells within a monolayer for both MDCK WT and MDCK E-cadherin KO cells. g, h) Cell spreading area (g) and aspect ratio (h) of cells within the monolayer obtained from n=10 different images for MDCK WT and E-cadherin KO cells as a function of time from 2 independent experiments. The error bars represent the standard deviation. Unpaired t-test was performed resulting in *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001 and ****p<0.0001.