TABLE 3.
Effects of stem cell transplantation on coverage of the defect
| First author | Stem cell/animal model | Treatment group | Control group | Evaluation method | Effect and time of evaluation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Group | Control Group | p value | |||||
| Lee, 2004 (30) | Human ESCs/Chicken embryo | Intra‐amniotic injection of ESCs a | Intra‐amniotic injection of glucose in PBS (4.5 mg/L) a | Adjusted defect length (defect length/original incision length × total body length) | POD 3, 0.03 | POD 3, 0.07 | <0.01 |
| POD 5, 0.02 | POD 5, 0.07 | <0.01 | |||||
| POD 7, 0.02 | POD 7, 0.08 | <0.01 | |||||
| Lee, 2006 (31) | Human ESCs/Chicken embryo | Intra‐amniotic injection of ESCs (n = 15 at all time points) | No intra‐amniotic injection (n = 15 at all‐time points) | Adjusted defect length (defect length/original incision length × total body length) | POD 4, 0.05 | POD 4, 0.08 | <0.01 |
| POD 6, 0.03 | POD 6, 0.07 | <0.01 | |||||
| POD 8, 0.04 | POD 8, 0.08 | <0.01 | |||||
| Lee, 2010 (32) | Human NCSCs and BM‐MSCs/Chicken embryo | Intra‐amniotic injection of NSCs or BM‐MSCs a | No intra‐amniotic injection a | Adjusted defect length (defect length/original incision length × total body length) | BM‐MSCs, POD 3, 0.05 | POD 3, 0.08 | <0.01 |
| BM‐MSCs, POD 5, 0.05 | POD 5, 0.08 | <0.01 | |||||
| BM‐MSCs, POD 7, 0.05 | POD 7, 0.08 | <0.01 | |||||
| NSCs, POD 3, 0.08 | ns | ||||||
| NSCs, POD 5, 0.07 | ns | ||||||
| NSCs, POD 7, 0.08 | ns | ||||||
| Li, 2016 (36) | Wistar rat BM‐MSCs/Wistar rat | BM‐MSCs seeded on SIS‐ECM | No surgery | No. of animals with complete defect coverage evaluated macroscopically, n/N (%) | 47/69 (68.1%) | 0/30 (0%) | <0.01 |
| Wei, 2020a (37) | Wistar rat BM‐MSCs/Wistar rat | Intra‐amniotic injection BM‐MSCs (n = 32) | Intra‐amniotic injection of PBS (n = 28) | Absolute defect area (mm2) | 57.4 ± 4.1 mm2 | 80.2 ± 4.8 mm2 | <0.01 |
| Wei, 2020b (38) | Wistar rat/Wistar rat BM‐MSCs | Intra‐amniotic injection BM‐MSCs (n = 30) | Intra‐amniotic injection of PBS (n = 23) | Absolute defect area (mm2) | 78.3 ± 6.3 mm2 | 54.9 ± 4.6 mm2 | <0.05 |
| Dionigi, 2015a (39) | Lewis rat AF‐MSCs/Sprague‐Dawley rats | Intra‐amniotic injection of AF‐MSCs | Intra‐amniotic injection of PBS | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 31/38 (81.6%) complete coverage, 9/38 (23.7%) | 0/36 (0%) | <0.01 |
| Dionigi, 2015b (40) | Lewis rat AF‐MSCs/Sprague‐Dawley rats | Intra‐amniotic injection of AF‐MSCs | No injection | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 24/28 (85.7%) complete coverage, 6/28 (21.4%) | 0/21 (0%) | <0.01 |
| Feng, 2016 (41) | Lewis rat AF‐MSCs and P‐MSCs/Sprague‐Dawley rats | Intra‐amniotic injection of AF‐MSCs | Intra‐amniotic injection of PBS | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | AF‐MSCs, 13/28 (46.4%) complete coverage, 3/28 (10.7%) | 0/22 (0%) | <0.01 |
| P‐MSCs, 18/38 (47.4%), complete coverage, 2/38 (5.3%) | |||||||
| Lazow, 2020 (43) | Lewis rat AF‐MSCs and P‐MSCs/Sprague‐Dawley rats | Intra‐amniotic injection of AF‐MSCs | Intra‐amniotic injection of PBS | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 11/20 (55.0%) complete coverage; 0/20 (0%) | 0/14 (0%) | <0.01 |
| Ratio of defect area/total area of the head and back (dorsal surface) | Median: 0.09, IQR: 0.06–0.16 | Median: 0.06, IQR: 0.04–0.09 | <0.01 | ||||
| Shieh, 2019 (46) | New Zealand rabbit AF‐MSCs/New Zealand rabbit | Intra‐amniotic injection of AF‐MSCs | No intra‐amniotic injection | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 5/10 (50.0%) complete coverage; 0/10 (0%) | 0/5 (0%) | <0.01 |
| Abe, 2019 (44) | Human AF‐MSCs/Sprague‐Dawley rat | Intra‐amniotic injection of AF‐MSCs (n = 19) | Intra‐amniotic injection of PBS (n = 17) | Absolute defect area and adjusted defect area (area/CRL2) | Area, 53.9 ± 11.8 mm2 | Area, 39.2 ± 8.1 mm2 | 0.01 |
| Adjusted area, 0.02 ± 0.004 | Adjusted area, 0.03 ± 0.009 | 0.03 | |||||
| Kajiwara, 2017 (45) | 3D skin from human AF‐derived iPSCs/Sprague‐Dawley rat | 3D skin surgical application | No intra‐amniotic procedure | No. of animals with defect coverage evaluated macroscopically with microscopic confirmation, n/N (%) | 12/20 (60.0%) complete coverage, 4/12 (33.3%) | 0/61 (0%) | <0.01 |
Note: Data presented with mean ± SEM.
Abbreviations: PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline; CRL, crown‐rump length; ESCs, embryonic stem cells; FM, fetal membranes; iPSCs, induced pluripotent stem cells; MSC, mesenchymal stem cells; NCSCs, neural crest stem cells.
a
Number of animals not provided.