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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Addiction. 2021 Mar 9;116(9):2372–2384. doi: 10.1111/add.15464

Table 4. Policy effects on alcohol consumption, spending and hospital admissions.

10% tax rise £0.50 minimum unit price £0.70 minimum unit price 10% tax rise £0.50 minimum unit price £0.70 minimum unit price
% change absolute change
a: CONSUMPTION
(units per year)
All drinkers -1·0% -3·7% -10·4% -7·2 -25·7 -72·2
Male drinkers -1·3% -5·3% -13·6% -11·9 -47·4 -121·7
Female drinkers -0·5% -0·7% -4·3% -2·4 -3·2 -21·1
Men Moderate -1·0% -1·5% -6·3% -2·4 -3·8 -15·7
Increasing risk -1·3% -3·4% -11·5% -17·5 -46·5 -156·2
High-risk -1·5% -9·9% -20·3% -64·3 -413·4 -845·7
Women Moderate -0·3% -0·1% -2·5% -0·6 -0·3 -4·9
Increasing risk -0·4% -0·1% -2·9% -4·7 -1·0 -31·7
High-risk -0·7% -1·8% -7·6% -24·0 -59·2 -248·7
b: EXPENDITURE
(annual £ spent)
All drinkers 1·9% 1·4% 5·7% £13·3 £9·6 £40·1
Male drinkers 1·4% 0·3% 2·1% £13·3 £3·2 £19·7
Female drinkers 3·0% 3·7% 13·7% £13·3 £16·3 £61·1
Men Moderate 1·2% 0·3% 1·5% £4·5 £1·1 £5·8
Increasing risk 1·4% 0·8% 3·0% £20·5 £11·9 £43·6
High-risk 1·5% -0·5% 0·8% £53·2 -£18·9 £26·7
Women Moderate 2·4% 2·0% 8·2% £5·9 £4·8 £20·0
Increasing risk 3·3% 4·0% 16·2% £29·9 £36·1 £146·8
High-risk 3·6% 6·3% 20·5% £76·4 £133·7 £435·0
c: HOSPITALISATIONS
(at full effect)
All drinkers -1·0% -3·4% -10·3% -6686 -22226 -67585
Male drinkers -1·1% -4·1% -11·4% -5128 -19323 -53862
Female drinkers -0·9% -1·6% -7·5% -1559 -2903 -13723
Men Moderate -1·1% -1·5% -6·8% -672 -902 -4097
Increasing risk -1·4% -3·5% -11·5% -3229 -8265 -27510
High-risk -0·7% -5·8% -12·8% -1227 -10155 -22255
Women Moderate -1·5% -1·5% -13·0% -95 -93 -806
Increasing risk -1·0% 0·9% -2·3% -542 504 -1249
High-risk -0·7% -2·7% -9·5% -922 -3314 -11669