Table 3. Association of FPG and 2hPG with pregnancy complications in two different strata of height (shorter and taller stratified by ethnic-specific median height).
| FPG (mmol/L) | Associations with standardized FPG† | 2hPG (mmol/L) | Associations with standardized 2hPG† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complications | Group | n | Median (IQR) | aOR (95% CI) | P | Median (IQR) | aOR (95% CI) | P |
| Hypertensive disorders of pregnancya | Shorter | 2,689 | 4.3 (4.0-4.6) | 1.09 (0.93, 1.28) | 0.276 | 6.6 (5.8-7.7) | 1.17 (0.99, 1.39) | 0.069 |
| Taller | 2,476 | 4.3 (4.1-4.6) | 1.47 (1.24, 1.74) | <0.001* | 6.5 (5.6-7.4) | 1.04 (0.82, 1.32) | 0.736 | |
| Preterm deliverya | Shorter | 2,689 | 4.3 (4.0-4.6) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) | 0.148 | 6.6 (5.8-7.7) | 1.15 (1.01, 1.32) | 0.039 |
| Taller | 2,475 | 4.3 (4.1-4.6) | 1.22 (1.04, 1.43) | 0.014 | 6.5 (5.6-7.4) | 1.33 (1.12, 1.57) | 0.001* | |
| Emergency cesarean sectionb | Shorter | 2,685 | 4.3 (4.0-4.6) | 1.02 (0.93, 1.13) | 0.651 | 6.6 (5.8-7.7) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.19) | 0.170 |
| Taller | 2,473 | 4.3 (4.1-4.6) | 1.17 (1.03, 1.33) | 0.014 | 6.5 (5.6-7.4) | 1.17 (1.02, 1.33) | 0.020 | |
| NICU admissionc | Shorter | 2,687 | 4.3 (4.0-4.6) | 1.14 (1.00, 1.30) | 0.048 | 6.6 (5.8-7.7) | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) | 0.718 |
| Taller | 2,474 | 4.3 (4.1-4.6) | 1.11 (0.94, 1.31) | 0.213 | 6.5 (5.6-7.4) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.21) | 0.988 | |
| Macrosomiad | Shorter | 2,687 | 4.3 (4.0-4.6) | 1.36 (1.12, 1.65) | 0.002* | 6.6 (5.8-7.7) | 1.07 (0.74, 1.56) | 0.720 |
| Taller | 2,474 | 4.3 (4.1-4.6) | 1.40 (1.11, 1.76) | 0.004* | 6.5 (5.6-7.4) | 1.33 (1.02, 1.74) | 0.036 | |
| Low birthweightd | Shorter | 2,687 | 4.3 (4.0-4.6) | 0.82 (0.69, 0.97) | 0.018 | 6.6 (5.8-7.7) | 0.95 (0.82, 1.10) | 0.474 |
| Taller | 2,474 | 4.3 (4.1-4.6) | 0.81 (0.65, 1.01) | 0.059 | 6.5 (5.6-7.4) | 0.78 (0.63, 0.98) | 0.030 | |
| aβ (95% CI) | P | aβ (95% CI) | P | |||||
| Birthweight (continuous outcome; g)d | Shorter | 2,687 | 4.3 (4.0-4.6) | 57.44 (44.12, 70.76) | <0.001* | 6.6 (5.8-7.7) | 27.20 (13.90, 40.50) | <0.001* |
| Taller | 2,474 | 4.3 (4.1-4.6) | 42.86 (27.39, 58.32) | <0.001* | 6.5 (5.6-7.4) | 34.06 (18.85, 49.26) | <0.001* | |
†
Adjusted odds ratio or beta coefficients per standard deviation increase in glucose. Shorter and taller group stratified by ethnic-specific median maternal height.
a
Model 1: Adjusted for age, ethnicity, BMI, and parity
b
Model 2: Model 1 adjusted additionally for previous cesarean section
c
Model 3: Model 1 adjusted additionally for low birthweight <2.5 kg and gestational age
d
Model 4: Model 1 adjusted additionally for gestational age
*
A two-sided P value<0.007 (0.05/7 outcomes) was considered statistically significant to account for multiplicity.
2hPG, 2-h plasma glucose; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; aβ, adjusted beta coefficient; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; IQR, interquartile range; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit