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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Exp Allergy. 2021 Jul 31;51(9):1195–1206. doi: 10.1111/cea.13993

Table 1. Demographics of study participants in each trajectory.

Reference
group
(n=982)
N (%)
Early onset
transient
(n=73)
N (%)
Early onset
persistent
(n=24)
N (%)
Late onset
persistent
(n=73)
N (%)
Male 468 (51) 48 (65.8) 15 (62.5) 40 (54.8)
Family history of atopy 410 (51.3) 49 (69) 17 (70.8) 49 (72.1)
Household income > USD 4000 232 (25.4) 26 (36.6) 11 (47.8) 21 (30)
Ethnicity
Chinese 520 (53) 43 (58.9) 16 (66.7) 47 (64.4)
Malay 267 (27.2) 24 (32.9) 7 (29.2) 16 (21.9)
Indian 193 (19.7) 6 (8.2) 1 (4.2) 10 (13.7)
Others 2 (0.2) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
Presence of siblings 533 (58.1) 37 (50.7) 12 (50) 38 (52.1)
Antenatal & intrapartum antibiotics 404 (44) 33 (45.8) 16 (66.7) 30 (41.1)
Caesarean delivery 270 (29.4) 26 (36.1) 4 (16.7) 22 (30.1)
Breastfeeding level
Low 381 (47.7) 26 (36.6) 5 (21.7) 27 (39.7)
Mid 319 (40) 36 (50.7) 14 (60.9) 39 (57.4)
High 98 (12.3) 9 (12.7) 4 (17.4) 2 (2.9)
Pet ownership in first year of life 47 (6.1) 10 (14.3) 4 (16.7) 5 (7.5)
Household exposure to tobacco smoke 226 (38.7) 27 (42.9) 3 (15.8) 20 (35.1)
Childcare attendance in first year of life 53 (8.3) 11 (16.9) 5 (25) 3 (5.1)
Infant antibiotic use in first year of life 287 (46.1) 33 (50) 12 (57.1) 19 (34.5)

Cells in bold and italics indicate significance at p value ≤0.05 compared to reference group in univariate analysis after Bonferroni correction.