Table 2. Associations of incapacity in all patients admitted to psychiatric hospital.
| Effect size estimate | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Incapacity | Capacity | Hedges’ g (95%CI)a | OR (95% CI) |
| Sample size, n | 115 | 85 | ||
| Age (years), mean (S.D.) | 40.1 (11.2) | 37.9 (11.4) | 0.19 (−0.10 to 0.47) | |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 65 (56.5) | 61 (71.8) | 1 | |
| Female | 50 (43.5) | 24 (28.2) | 0.19 (1.07–3.56) | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White European | 45 (39.1) | 61 (71.8) | 1 | |
| Black African | 34 (29.6) | 6 (7.1) | 0.14 (0.05–0.37) | |
| Black Caribbean | 20 (17.4) | 9 (10.6) | 0.32 (0.13–0.78) | |
| Black–Other | 5 (4.4) | 6 (7.1) | 0.76 (0.13–2.67) | |
| Other ethnic minority | 11 (9.6) | 3 (3.5) | 0.17 (0.05–0.66) | |
| Years of education since age 10, mean (S.D.) | 6.9 (3.0) | 7.0 (2.9) | −0.04 (0.00 to 0.28) | |
| Main diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Psychotic episode | 29 (25.2) | 15 (17.7) | 1 | |
| Schizophrenia | 31 (27.0) | 8 (9.4) | 0.50 (0.18–1.35) | |
| Schizo-affective disorder | 9 (7.8) | 1 (1.2) | 0.21 (0.02–1.86) | |
| BPAD–manic episode | 22 (19.1) | 1 (1.2) | 0.09 (0.01–0.72) | |
| BPAD–depression episode | 1 (0.9) | 5 (5.9) | 9.67 (1.03–90.4) | |
| Depression | 15 (13.0) | 31 (36.5) | 4.0 (1.66–9.60) | |
| Personality disorder | 1 (0.9) | 14 (16.5) | 27.1 (3.24–226.0) | |
| Other | 3 (2.6) | 7 (8.2) | 4.5 (1.02–20.00) | |
| PTSD | 0 (0) | 3 (3.5) | – | |
| Organic brain syndrome | 4(3.5) | 0 (0) | – | |
| Years of contact with psychiatric services, mean (S.D.) | 12.3 (10.9) | 12.3 (11.0) | 0.00 (−0.06 to 0.06) | |
| Number of previous psychiatric admissions, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 27 (23.5) | 29 (34.1) | 1 | |
| 1 | 23 (20.0) | 20 (23.5) | 0.81 (0.37–0.79) | |
| 2 | 10 (8.7) | 6 (7.1) | 0.56 (0.18–1.75) | |
| 3–5 | 18 (15.7) | 17 (20.0) | 0.88 (0.38–2.05) | |
| >5 | 37 (32.2) | 13 (15.3) | 0.33 (0.14–0.74) | |
| Alcohol or drug dependent, n (%) | 7 (23.3) | 23 (76.7) | 0.17 (0.7–0.43) | |
| Prominent recent history of cannabis use, n (%) | 26 (59.1) | 18 (40.9) | 1.08 (0.55–2.15) | |
| Prominent recent history of alcohol use, n (%) | 24 (40.0) | 36 (60.0) | 0.36 (0.19–0.67) | |
| Prominent recent history of other substance use, n (%) | 10 (35.7) | 18 (64.3) | 0.35 (0.15–0.81) | |
| Principal treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Hospitalization | 40 (34.8) | 66 (77.7) | 1 | |
| Medication | 75 (65.2) | 19 (22.4) | 0.15 (0.08–0.29) | |
| Time between admission and interview (days), mean (S.D.) | 2.4 (1.5) | 2.1 (1.5) | 0.17 (−0.11 to 0.45) | |
| Insight, mean (S.D.) | 9.8 (7.2) | 23.2 (4.4) | −2.19 (−1.83 to −2.55) | |
| Total BPRS (adjusted), mean (S.D.) | 2.3 (0.67) | 1.8 (0.3) | 1.04 (0.74 to 1.34) | |
| Unusual thought content, mean (S.D.) | 4.5 (2.2) | 1.7 (1.1) | 1.55 (1.22 to 1.88) | |
| Conceptual disorganization, mean (S.D.) | 2.5 (1.7) | 1.1 (0.3) | 1.12 (0.81 to 1.42) | |
| Hallucinations, mean (S.D.) | 3.2 (2.4) | 2.2 (1.8) | 0.43 (0.13 to 0.74) | |
| Elevated mood, mean (S.D.) | 2.4 (2.1) | 1.1 (0.6) | 0.76 (0.46 to 1.05) | |
| Depression, mean (S.D.) | 2.5 (2.1) | 3.5 (1.7) | −0.55 (−0.27 to −0.85) | |
| Matrix reasoning, mean (S.D.) | 35.0 (11.5) | 41.5 (13.3) | −0.52 (−0.21 to −0.84) | |
BPAD, Bipolar-affective disorder; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; S.D., standard deviation.
a
The 95 % CIs are about Cohen’s d.