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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Oct 10.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021 Jul 29;176:113901. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113901

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Examples of in vitro phenotypical endpoints using advanced in vitro lung models. (a) Monitoring secretion of cytokines in a biochip of pulmonary sarcoidosis model [230]. (b) Measurement of metabolic activity following deposition of PM-like particles in airway-on-chip platforms [148]. (c) Assessment of therapeutics in an alveolus-on-a-chip model of intravascular thrombosis [173]. (d) Permeability assay in a breathing alveolus-on-chip model [77]. (e) Single cell distortion as a function of applied force in a stretching alveolar-capillary chip [83]. (f) Imaging tight junction (TJ) and adherent junction markers in a lung-on-a-chip with an array of stretchable alveoli-like membranes [125].