Table 2.
Affective symptoms, subjective wellbeing, and quality of life measures in depressed patients with somatic symptoms, grouped as with or without inflammation based on CRP.
|
Measures |
Evidence of inflammation |
Mean Difference (95% CI)a |
T-valueb (P-value) for final model | CorrectedcP-value for final model | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 40; hs-CRP ≥3 mg/L) Mean (SD) |
No (n = 44; hs-CRP <3 mg/L) Mean (SD) |
Unadjusted | Adjusted for age, sex, BMI | Additional adjustment for antidepressant type | |||
| BDI-II total score | 34.63 (9.02) | 27.55 (9.19) | 7.08 (3.12, 11.04) | 9.25 (4.22, 14.29) | 8.82 (3.91, 13.72) | 3.58 (<0.01) | 0.02 |
| BDI-II somatic symptom score | 12.23 (2.96) | 9.16 (3.26) | 3.07 (1.71, 4.42) | 3.40 (1.69, 5.11) | 3.25 (1.58, 4.92) | 3.88 (<0.01) | 0.02 |
| Trait anxiety (STAI-T) total score | 62.50 (7.73) | 60.11 (9.21) | 2.39 (−1.33, 6.10) | 4.21 (−0.51, 8.94) | 4.05 (−0.69, 8.80) | 1.70 (0.09) | 0.11 |
| State anxiety (STAI-S) total score | 60.00 (10.12) | 53.27 (9.58) | 6.73 (2.45, 11.00) | 9.45 (4.04, 14.86) | 9.25 (3.82, 14.67) | 3.39 (<0.01) | 0.02 |
| PSS total score | 28.53 (4.65) | 25.18 (5.26) | 3.34 (1.18, 5.51) | 4.82 (2.15, 7.48) | 4.58 (1.98, 7.18) | 3.51 (<0.01) | 0.02 |
| SHAPS total score | 5.35 (3.49) | 4.14 (3.46) | 1.21 (−0.30, 2.72) | 1.02 (−0.88, 2.92) | 0.87 (−1.00, 2.73) | −0.93 (0.36) | 0.36 |
| MFI total score | 82.75 (9.52) | 70.45 (13.96) | 12.30 (7.14, 17.45) | 10.17 (3.47, 16.86) | 9.71 (3.09, 16.33) | 2.92 (<0.01)d | 0.02 |
| EQ-5D-3L total index score | 0.49 (0.29) | 0.69 (0.22) | −0.20 (−0.32, −0.09) | −0.20 (−0.34, −0.60) | −0.18 (-0.32, -0.05) | 2.89 (<0.01)d | 0.02 |
| VAS-W alertness total score | 61.64 (10.58) | 57.05 (10.66) | 4.59 (−0.03, 9.21) | 5.43 (−0.54, 11.39) | 4.90 (−0.91, 10.70) | 0.68 (0.10) | 0.11 |
| VAS-W contentedness total score | 62.54 (13.20) | 56.93 (12.12) | 5.61 (0.11, 11.10) | 7.03 (0.01, 14.05) | 6.43 (−0.43, 13.28) | 1.87 (0.07) | 0.09 |
| VAS-W calmness total score | 33.78 (8.52) | 41.45 (6.75) | −7.68 (−11.00, −4.36) | −8.64 (−12.88, −4.40) | −8.48 (-12.73, -4.22) | 3.97 (<0.01) | 0.02 |
hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory II; STAI-T, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – Trait; STAI-S, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory – State; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale-10; SHAPS, Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale; MFI, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory; EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D three-level version; VAS-W, Visual Analogue Scales for Subjective Well-Being.
Total sample for adjusted models is N = 83.
Mean values for continuous variables were compared using independent samples t-test and ANCOVA.
P-values corrected for multiple testing using Benjamini & Hochberg’s False Discovery Rate method.
Variables that violated the assumption of normality (i.e., MFI total score and EQ-5D-3L index total score) were square-transformed before testing significance due to left skew.