Table 2. Renal morphometric, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural parameters in-preclinical studies of metabolic surgery for experimental DKD.a .
| Glomerular morphometry | Immunohistochemistry | Transmission electron microscopy | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Obesity and DKD model | Surgery type (follow-up) | Glomerular area | Glomerular volume | Mesangial area/matrix fraction | GV/P (WT-1) | Synaptopodin | Desmin | CD68 | TGF-β1 | Nephrin | PFPF | PFPD | GBM thickness |
| Zhiqing et al., 2014 [20] | HFD (40%) plus low-dose STZ (SD rat) | DJB (8 weeks) | Unchanged | N/A | Decreased | N/A | Increased | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Wang et al., 2015 [22] | HFD (40%) plus low-dose STZ (SD rat) | RYEJ (8 weeks) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Decreased | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Neff et al., 2017 [17] | ZDF rat | RYGB (13 weeks) | Decreased | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Decreased | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Wu et al., 2018 [21] | HFD (40%) plus low-dose STZ (SD rat) | DJB (8 weeks) | Decreased | N/A | Decreased | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Canney et al., 2019 [18] | ZDF rat | RYGB (7 weeks) | Decreased | Decreased | N/A | Decreased | N/A | Decreased | Decreasedb | N/A | N/A | Increased | Unchangedb | Unchanged |
| Xiong et al., 2020 [23] | HFD (40%) plus low-dose STZ (Wistar rat) | SG (12 weeks)c | Decreased | N/A | Decreased | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Increased | N/A | Decreased | Decreased |
| Nair et al., 2020 [19] | ZDF rat | RYGB (8 weeks) | Decreased | Decreased | N/A | Unchangedb | N/A | Decreased | Unchangedb | N/A | N/A | Increased | Decreased | Unchanged |
Cell values indicate if morphometric parameter is increased, decreased, or unchanged in metabolic surgery-operated rats relative to SHAM-operated rats. Not all parameters were assessed in every study. Bold text emphasises parameters that were assessed in a given study.
Unpublished data from our group.
This study evaluated outcomes at 3 timepoints (4, 8, and 12 weeks); data from the final timepoint (12 weeks) is presented.
CD68, cluster of differentiation 68 (macrophage marker); DJB, duodeno-jejunal bypass; GBM, glomerular basement membrane; GV/P, glomerular volume served by podocyte (podocyte coverage); HFD, high-fat diet; N/A, not assessed; PFPD, podocyte foot process diameter; PFPF, podocyte foot process frequency; RYEJ, Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy; RYGB, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery; SD, Sprague Dawley; SG, sleeve gastrectomy; STZ, streptozotocin; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-beta 1; WT-1, Wilms’ tumour-1.