Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics of Sample.
| Characteristic | Mean, SD or % | Difference between schools (p-value) |
|---|---|---|
| GHQ-12 Likert score | 13.03 (5.40) | .12 |
| Background variables | ||
| Age | 15.47 (0.32) | <.001 |
| Gender (male) | 49.2 % | .07 |
| Ethnicity (white) | 92.2 % | <.001 |
| Family affluence | 2.29 (0.72) | <.001 |
| Family structure (two parent home) | 70.0 % | <.001 |
| Longstanding illness (yes) | 10.8 % | .07 |
| Self-esteem | 19.81 (4.43) | <.05 |
| Parental control | 4.08 (1.54) | <.001 |
| Parental care | 8.46 (1.50) | <.05 |
| Family health problems (yes) | 35.80 % | <.05 |
| Peer relationship factors | ||
| Victimization by school-based peers | 1.76 (2.39) | <.001 |
| Self-rated popularity | 7.33 (1.82) | <.05 |
| Peer social support | 1.31 (0.64) | <.001 |
| Peer popularity | 3.76 (2.51) | <.001 |
| Friendship network size | 7.83 (3.73) | <.001 |
| School-based factors | ||
| School belonging | 1.86 (0.65) | <.001 |
| Perceived exam pressure | 2.68 (0.50) | .07 |
| School-level exam pressure | 2.67 (0.06) | <.001 |
| Student-teacher relationship | 1.42 (0.85) | <.001 |
| Perceived inclusivity | 1.71 (0.82) | <.001 |
| School-level inclusivity | 1.71 (0.13) | <.001 |
Note. N = 2571. Between school differences in sample characteristics were tested with chi-square tests for categorical variables, and ANOVA’s for continuous variables.