Figure 1.
Directed acyclic graph showing the relationship between the jth genetic variant (Gj), the risk factors (X 1, …, XK), confounders (U) and the outcome (Y)
Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.