Table 3.

Point estimate, standard error (SE) and confidence interval (CI Lower, CI Upper) of the log odds ratio of Alzheimer’s disease due to a unit increase in intelligence, years of education and household income, from univariable Mendelian randomization (MR-IVW) and each multivariable method

Risk factor	F statistic	Method	Estimate	SE	CI lower	CI upper
Intelligence	31.398	MR-IVW	−0.420	0.078	−0.573	−0.267
	2.364	MVMR-IVW	−0.469	0.202	−0.864	−0.074
		MVMR-Egger	−0.073	0.332	−0.723	0.578
		MVMR-PRESSO	−0.469	0.202	−0.866	−0.072
		MVMR-Robust	−0.544	0.195	−0.927	−0.161
		MVMR-Median	−0.573	0.241	−1.045	−0.100
		MVMR-Lasso	−0.587	0.178	−0.936	−0.238
		MVMR-Q(het)	−0.095		−0.559	0.496
Years of education	21.012	MR-IVW	−0.591	0.120	−0.827	−0.355
	1.570	MVMR-IVW	−0.244	0.344	−0.919	0.430
		MVMR-Egger	−0.035	0.371	−0.761	0.691
		MVMR-PRESSO	−0.244	0.344	−0.923	0.434
		MVMR-Robust	−0.017	0.310	−0.624	0.590
		MVMR-Median	−0.134	0.384	−0.887	0.620
		MVMR-Lasso	0.179	0.301	−0.411	0.769
		MVMR-Q(het)	−0.439		−1.498	0.401
Household income	10.479	MR-IVW	−0.603	0.148	−0.894	−0.313
	1.565	MVMR-IVW	0.416	0.340	−0.250	1.082
		MVMR-Egger	0.400	0.339	−0.265	1.064
		MVMR-PRESSO	0.416	0.340	−0.254	1.086
		MVMR-Robust	0.263	0.341	−0.404	0.931
		MVMR-Median	0.368	0.381	−0.378	1.114
		MVMR-Lasso	0.097	0.298	−0.488	0.681
		MVMR-Q(het)	0.107		−0.730	0.965

Note: F statistics are unconditional (reported next to MR-IVW) and conditional (reported next to MVMR-IVW).