Table 4. Ethnic differences in blood lipids: effect of adjustment for dietary intake by using classical measurement error models1 .
| Cholesterol | LDL cholesterol | HDL cholesterol | Triglyceride 2 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary adjustment | Difference | (95% CD) | P | Difference | (95% CD) | P | Difference | (95% CD) | P | Difference | (95% CI) | P |
| Black African–white European differences (n = 285) | ||||||||||||
| None | −0.14 | (−0.27. −0.02) | 0.02 | −0.10 | (−0.20, 0.00) | 0.05 | 0.01 | (−0.03, 0.05) | 0.77 | −0.11 | (−0.16, −0.06) | <0.001 |
| Saturated fat (% of energy) | 0.03 | (−0.21, 0.28) | 0.80 | 0.03 | (−0.16, 0.22) | 0.74 | 0.05 | (−0.02, 0.13) | 0.15 | −0.15 | (−0.22. −0.08) | <0.001 |
| Monounsaturated fat (% of energy) | −0.15 | (−0.27, −0.03) | 0.01 | −0.11 | (−0.21. −0.02) | 0.02 | 0.02 | (−0.02, 0.07) | 0.33 | −0.14 | (−0.20. −0.08) | <0.0001 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% of energy) | −0.14 | (−0.27, −0.02) | 0.02 | −0.10 | (−0.20, 0.00) | 0.05 | 0.01 | (−0.03, 0.05) | 0.77 | −0.11 | (−0.16. −0.05) | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | −0.13 | (−0.25, −0.01) | 0.03 | −0.09 | (−0.19, 0.00) | 0.06 | 0.01 | (−0.03, 0.06) | 0.49 | −0.12 | (−0.18. −0.07) | <0.0001 |
| Black Caribbean–white European differences (n = 188) | ||||||||||||
| None | 0.06 | (−0.04, 0.16) | 0.27 | 0.09 | (0.00, 0.18) | 0.06 | 0.00 | (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.91 | −0.04 | (−0.10, 0.02) | 0.18 |
| Saturated fat (% of energy) | 0.16 | (−0.01, 0.32) | 0.07 | 0.16 | (0.03, 0.30) | 0.02 | 0.03 | (−0.04, 0.10) | 0.40 | −0.07 | (−0.14, 0.01) | 0.08 |
| Monounsaturated fat (% of energy) | 0.06 | (−0.04, 0.16) | 0.27 | 0.09 | (0.00, 0.18) | 0.06 | 0.00 | (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.90 | −0.04 | (−0.11, 0.03) | 0.23 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% of energy) | 0.07 | (−0.03, 0.18) | 0.19 | 0.10 | (0.01, 0.19) | 0.04 | 0.00 | (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.89 | −0.04 | (−0.10, 0.02) | 0.22 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 0.06 | (−0.05, 0.16) | 0.29 | 0.09 | (0.00, 0.18) | 0.06 | 0.00 | (−0.05, 0.06) | 0.97 | −0.04 | (−0.10, 0.03) | 0.23 |
| South Asian–white European differences (n = 534) | ||||||||||||
| None | 0.01 | (−0.10, 0.11) | 0.91 | 0.03 | (−0.05, 0.11) | 0.51 | −0.08 | (−0.11. −0.04) | <0.0001 | 0.16 | (0.09, 0.22) | <0.0001 |
| Saturated fat (% of energy) | 0.07 | (−0.08, 0.22) | 0.34 | 0.08 | (−0.04, 0.19) | 0.18 | −0.06 | (−0.10, −0.01) | 0.01 | 0.14 | (0.07, 0.21) | <0.0001 |
| Monounsaturated fat (% of energy) | 0.01 | (−0.10, 0.11) | 0.89 | 0.03 | (−0.05, 0.12) | 0.43 | −0.08 | (−0.12. −0.04) | <0.0001 | 0.17 | (0.10, 0.25) | <0.0001 |
| Polyunsaturated fat (% of energy) | 0.06 | (−0.09, 0.21) | 0.46 | 0.07 | (−0.05, 0.19) | 0.24 | −0.07 | (−0.11, −0.03) | <0.001 | 0.17 | (0.10, 0.26) | <0.0001 |
| Carbohydrate (% of energy) | 0.00 | (−0.11, 0.10) | 0.93 | 0.02 | (−0.06, 0.10) | 0.61 | −0.08 | (−0.12, −0.05) | <0.0001 | 0.17 | (0.10, 0.24) | <0.0001 |
1
Values were adjusted for sex, age quartiles, month, and time since last intake of food, with clustering for school (robust SEs) and measurement error in dietary intake variable by using classical measurement error modeling with 89 replicates. P values were derived from classical measurement error models based on maximum likelihood estimates.
2
Values are proportional differences for log-transformed variables.