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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 3.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2020 Feb 27;39(11):1641–1657. doi: 10.1002/sim.8503

Figure 1.

Figure 1

A single world intervention template showing a scenario in which the mSITA assumption is violated. X: confounder. Z: treatment. Y(z): potential outcome resulting from intervening to set Z equal to a particular value z. R: missing indicator (=1 if X observed, =0 if X is missing). UZ : unobserved common cause between R and Z. UY : unobserved common cause between R and Y(z)