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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 10.
Published in final edited form as: Parasite Immunol. 2020 Oct 9;43(2):e12795. doi: 10.1111/pim.12795

Table 1. The status of current malaria pre-erythrocytic stage vaccine candidates (adapted from the World Health Organization tables of malaria vaccine projects globally—’Rainbow Tables’) 172 .

Project Registration no. Sponsor Vaccine type Country Phase Start Date Ref
Whole Sporozoite
   PfSPZ NCT02215707 Sanaria Inc RAS USA I 2014 51
   PfSPZ NCT02627456 Sanaria Inc RAS Mali II 2016
   PfSPZ NCT02613520 Sanaria Inc RAS Tanzania I 2015 27,173
   PfRAS NCT01994525 USAMRDC RAS USA I 2013
   PfSPZ-CVac NCT02115516 Sanaria Inc CPS (SPZ-CQ) Germany I 2014 54
   PfGAP3KO NCT03168854 NIAID GAP USA I 2017
   PfSPZ NCT02663700 NIAID RAS Burkina Faso, USA I 2016
   PfSPZ-CVac NCT02773979 NIAID CPS (SPZ-CQ) USA I 2016
Sub-unit
   RTS,S/AS01E NCT02374450 GSK CSP Kenya, Burkina Faso, Ghana IV 2015 174
   RTS,S/AS01 fractional dose NCT01857869 GSK CSP Kenya, Gambia, Burkina Faso II 2013 61
   R21/AS01B NCT02600975 University of Oxford CSP United Kingdom I 2015
   R21/Matrix – M1 NCT02925403 University of Oxford CSP Burkina Faso I 2016
   R21/ME-TRAP NCT02905019 University of Oxford CSP/TRAP United Kingdom II 2016 175
   CS-Vac NCT01450280 University of Oxford CSP Ireland I 2011 65
   PfCelTOS FMP012/AS01B NCT02174978 USAMRMC CelTOS USA I 2014
   ChAd63/MVA ME-TRAP NCT01635647 University of Oxford ME-TRAP Burkina Faso, Kenya, Gambia II 2012 72-74
   ChAd63/MVA ME-TRAP + Matrix M™ NCT01663512 University of Oxford ME-TRAP United Kingdom I 2012 176
   Adjuv R21 (RTS,S biosimilar) with TRAP combined NCT02905019 University Oxford ME-TRAP + CSP United Kingdom, Germany II 2016

Note: RAS denotes radiation-attenuated sporozoites.

Abbreviations: Adjuv, adjuvant; CelTOS, cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites; ChAd, chimpanzee adenovirus; CPS, chemoprophylaxis following sporozoite infection; CQ, chloroquine; CSP, circumsporozoite protein; GAP, genetically attenuated parasites; GSK, GlaxoSmithKline; KO, knockout; MVA, modified vaccinia Ankara; NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Pf, Plasmodium falciparum; SPZ, sporozoites; TRAP, thrombospondin-related anonymous protein; USAMRDC, United States Army Medical Research and Development Command.