Table 3. Ethnic sub-group differences (compared to white Europeans) in blood pressure (mmHg) with adjustments.

			Additional adjustments *
							Height, adiposity,
	Basic model*	p(2) §	Height	p(2) §	Height, adiposity	p(2) §	SE†	p(2) §
Systolic pressure
black Caribbean	0.70 (-0.33, 1.73)		-1.09 (-2.09, -0.10)		-0.86 (-1.85, 0.12)		-0.87 (-1.86, 0.12)
black African	-0.95 (-1.87, -0.02)	0.004	-2.78 (-3.68, -1.88)	0.002	-2.46 (-3.35, -1.57)	0.003	-2.41 (-3.31, -1.52)	0.004
Indian	-0.22 (-1.37, 0.93)		-0.27 (-1.37, 0.83)		-0.44 (-1.52, 0.63)		-0.49 (-1.58, 0.59)
Pakistani	-1.24 (-2.32, -0.17)		-1.22 (-2.24, -0.19)		-1.48 (-2.49, -0.48)		-1.50 (-2.52, -0.49)
Bangladeshi	-1.18 (-2.47, 0.11)	0.27	-0.61 (-1.85, 0.62)	0.32	-1.05 (-2.26, 0.16)	0.25	-1.10 (-2.33, 0.13)	0.28
p(1) ‡	0.003		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
Diastolic pressure
black Caribbean	1.02 (0.11, 1.93)		0.28 (-0.63, 1.20)		0.59 (-0.32, 1.49)		0.57 (-0.34, 1.48)
black African	0.76 (-0.06, 1.58)	0.60	0.00 (-0.82, 0.82)	0.57	0.37 (-0.44, 1.19)	0.66	0.40 (-0.42, 1.22)	0.73
Indian	2.14 (1.12, 3.16)		2.12 (1.11, 3.13)		1.97 (0.98, 2.95)		1.83 (0.83, 2.83)
Pakistani	0.32 (-0.63, 1.26)		0.33 (-0.61, 1.27)		0.11 (-0.82, 1.03)		0.04 (-0.90, 0.97)
Bangladeshi	1.56 (0.42, 2.70)	0.01	1.79 (0.66, 2.93)	0.01	1.45 (0.34, 2.57)	0.004	1.38 (0.24, 2.51)	0.01
p(1) ‡		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		0.001

^*All models based on 5543 subjects with adjustments for age, sex, blood pressure observer, room temperature, time of day, month, and school (random effect)

^†SE: markers of socioeconomic position - NS-SEC, household amenities, lone parent.

^‡p(1): test of overall differences in blood pressure between ethnic groups.

^§p(2): tests of differences within the main ethnic groups, i.e. between black Caribbean and black African children and between Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi children.