Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the sub-study cohort 1,2.
| Variable | CSM (n = 26) | MTA (n = 28) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (mean ± SD; years) | 51.8 ± 8.1 | 50.3 ± 7.4 | 0.50 |
| Male (n (%)) | 15 (57.7) | 13 (46.4) | 0.58 |
| Caucasian ethnicity (n (%)) | 24 (92.3) | 18 (64.3) | 0.05 |
| Anthropometry | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 94.5 ± 14.0 | 91.6 ± 14.5 | 0.45 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 114.3 ± 7.9 | 112.0 ± 8.4 | 0.33 |
| Body-mass index (mean ± SD; kg/m2) | 33.0 ± 2.0 | 32.8 ± 2.1 | 0.75 |
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mean ± SD; mmHg) | 143.8 ± 20.2 | 138.9 ± 13.7 | 0.32 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mean ± SD; mmHg) | 91.6 ± 14.5 | 86.4 ± 7.8 | 0.13 |
| Metabolic parameters | |||
| Total cholesterol (mean ± SD; mg/dL) | 182.2 ± 38.2 | 204.5 ± 45.6 | 0.06 |
| LDL cholesterol (mean ± SD; mg/dL) | 102.9 ± 37.3 | 120.2 ± 41.9 | 0.12 |
| HDL cholesterol (mean ± SD; mg/dL) | 37.3 ± 9.4 | 38.8 ± 9.2 | 0.54 |
| Triglycerides (median [IQR]; mg/dL) | 189.5 [147.0] | 208.5 [199.3] | 0.43 |
| HbA1c (mean ± SD; mmol/mol) | 74.2 ± 23.1 | 73.9 ± 18.0 | 0.95 |
| HbA1c (mean ± SD; %) | 8.9 ± 2.1 | 8.9 ± 1.6 | 0.95 |
| Renal parameters | |||
| Serum creatinine (mean ± SD; mg/dL) | 0.79 ± 0.22 | 0.82 ± 0.29 | 0.72 |
| uACR (median [IQR]; mg/g) | 70.0 [43.8] | 73.5 [97.8] | 0.46 |
1 CSM, combined metabolic surgery plus medical therapy; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MTA, medical therapy alone; SD, standard deviation; uACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio. 2 Values are given as n (%) for categorical variables, mean ± SD for normally distributed continuous variables, and median [IQR] for continuous variables that are not normally distributed. χ2 analysis was used to analyse for between-group differences in categorical variables, except where the frequency of values was <5 in at least one cell of the contingency table, in which case, Fisher’s exact test was used. Normally distributed continuous variables were compared between groups by unpaired t-tests, while skewed continuous variables were compared between groups by Wilcoxon rank sum tests.