Figure 1. ATP-driven LLPS by programmable interactions in multivalent SfNAPs with complementary side chain interactions.
(a) Schematic illustration of the energy landscape for classical coacervation processes. (b) ATP-driven transient SfNAPs to engineer transient all-DNA coacervates, sorted LLPS coacervates system, and transient trapping of secondary components. The dynamic coacervate structures sit at an energy-dissipative state out of the global minimum in the energy landscape. Transient lifetimes occur because the ATP fuel is consumed as detailed in the ERN in Figure 3a.