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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2020 Jan 27;295:112817. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.112817

Table 2.

Primary outcomes: Percentage of consistent condom use (% [95% CI], p value) reported by intervention and standard-of-care comparison participants, based on adjusted analyses using generalized estimating equations (GEE)

Consistent condom use with: Pre-intervention assessment Post-intervention assessment % difference in inconsistent condom use before (baseline) - and after intervention Adjusted Difference-in-Differences (DiD)
Intervention Comparison Intervention Comparison Intervention Comparison
Male partners
Any type of male partners 52.9%
(46.5, 59.3)
p<.001		 59.0%
(53.5, 64.5)
p<.001		 93.0%
(88.7, 97.4)
p<.001		 81.9%
(77.5, 86.3)
p<.001		 40.1%
(32.2, 47.1)
p<.001		 22.9%
(17.1, 28.8)
p<.001		 17.2%
(7.7, 26.8)
p=.001
Non-regular male partners (includes casual, paying and paid) 58.5%
(51.0, 65.9)
p<.001		 64.4%
(58.7, 70.0)
p<.001		 96.8%
(94.3, 99.3)
p<.001		 83.6%
(79.6, 87.6)
p<.001		 38.1%
(30.6, 45.5)
p<.001		 19.2%
(13.5, 24.9)
p<.001		 18.9%
(8.9, 28.9)
p<.001
Regular male partners 53.4%
(42.6, 64.2)
p<.001		 47.2%
(38.3, 56.0)
p<.001		 79.9%
(68.5, 91.3)
p<.001		 80.7%
(71.2, 90.2)
p<.001		 26.5%
(13.9, 39.2)
p<.001		 33.5%
(21.5, 45.6)
p<.001		 -.7.0%
(-24.6, 10.7)
p=.438
Casual male partners 59.9%
(52.9, 66.9)
p<.001		 63.7%
(57.9, 69.4)
p<.001		 96.7%
(94.2, 99.3)
p<.001		 83.4%
(79.4, 87.4)
p<.001		 36.8%
(29.4, 44.3)
p<.001		 19.7%
(13.8, 25.7
p<.001		 17.1%
(7.0, 27.2)
p=.001
By type of female partners
Any type of female partners 36.5%
(28.3, 44.7)
p<.001		 41.4%
(31.5, 51.1)
p<.001		 48.4%
(38.7, 58.3)
p<.001		 25.1%
(15.6, 34.6)
p<.001		 11.9%
(2.6, 21.3)
p=.01		 -16.3%
(-29.6, -2.9)
p=.01		 28.2%
(11.9, 44.4)
p=.001
Regular female partners 28.7%
(20.5, 36.8)
p<.001		 35.6%
(24.6, 46.6)
p<.001		 39.7%
(29.6, 49.8)
p<.001		 22.5%
(11.4, 33.6)
p<.001		 11.0%
(1.7, 20.4)
p=.02		 13.1%
(-27.6, 1.3)
p=.07		 22.4%
(7.0, 41.3)
p=.006
Non-regular female partners (includes casual, paying and paid) 86.7%
(81.2, 92.2)
p<.001		 56.6%
(51.3, 62.2)
p<.001		 (Could not be estimated)1 66.7%
(52, 81.3)
p<.001		 (Could not be estimated) 1 9.9%
(-6.9, 26.6)
p=.24		 (Could not be estimated) 1

Note. The models were adjusted for age, marital status, educational level, sexual identity, sex work involvement, baseline levels of consistent condom use, and relevant baseline scores (sexual and HIV-related stigma, condom use self-efficacy, HIV-related knowledge and psychosocial health conditions – problematic alcohol use, depression and internalised homonegativity).

1

Because of fewer number of non-regular female partners reported by the participants in the post-intervention assessment.