Table 1. Summary overview of identified preconception indicators and their recording in national data sources.
Indicator source (reference) | Possible data source | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Domain | Indicator | Clinical guidance | Policy report | Position statement | Charitable organisation | E-Learning | National routine dataset | National survey | National cohort study |
Wider determinants of health | Ethnicity | 10 | RCGP, CPRD, MSDS, HES, ONS, NDA | HSE, NDNS, ONS, ALAS, | MCS, BCS70 | ||||
Education | 10 | HES, ONS | HSE, ONS, ALAS, | MCS, BCS70 | |||||
Employment | 10 | RCGP, CPRD, MSDS, HES, ONS | HSE, ALAS, ONS | MCS, BCS70 | |||||
Financial security | 10 | ONS | ONS | ||||||
Housing | 10 | ONS | ONS | BCS70 | |||||
Deprivation | 10 | RCGP, CPRD, MSDS, HES, ONS | NDNS, ONS | MCS, BCS70 | |||||
Complex social factors | 10 | MSDS | |||||||
Adverse childhood experiences | 10 | ONS | |||||||
Migrant health factors | 10 | RCGP, CPRD ONS | ONS | ||||||
Health care | Preconception assessment and care | 3, 6, 43, 44 | |||||||
Routine general practitioner (GP) check-up | 3 | RCGP, CPRD | |||||||
Routine dental appointment | 7 | 45 | NHSDS | ||||||
Emotional and social health and support | Domestic abuse (physical and emotional) | 5 | 10 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD | ONS | MCS, BCS70 | |
Support network / social support | 10 | 31 | MSDS | ||||||
Reproductive health and family planning | Pregnancy intention | 3, 4, 30 | 31 | Natsal | |||||
Maternal age | 3, 30 | 10 | RCGP, CPRD, MSDS, HES | MCS, BCS70 | |||||
Paternal age | 29 | Birth registrations | |||||||
Interpregnancy interval | 3 | RCGP, CPRD, MSDS, HES | |||||||
Obstetric history | 3, 4, 7, 8, 43, 44 | 10 | 31 | RCGP, CPRD, HES, MSDS, NCARDRS | Natsal | MCS, BCS70 | |||
Previous breastfeeding experiences | 45 | CSDS | BCS70 | ||||||
Fertility problems | 3, 30 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD | ||||||
Contraception | 3, 4, 43, 46, 47 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD, SRHAD | HSE | MCS | |
Assisted reproductive technology | 3, 30 | 12 | |||||||
Health behaviours | Folic acid supplementation | 3-5, 30, 43 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | MSDS, NDA | ||
Other vitamin supplementation | 4, 5 | 11 | 31 | 45 | NDNS | ||||
Vitamin deficiency | 4, 5, 7 | 9 | 13 | 31 | RCGP, CPRD | NDNS | |||
Dietary intake | 3-5, 30, 48, 49 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | NDSD | BCS70 | ||
Physical activity | 4, 49 | 10 | 31 | 45 | ALAS | ||||
Weight | 3-5, 30, 49 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD | Natsal, HSE, NDNS, ALAS, | MCS, BCS70 | |
Eating disorder | 46 | 31 | RCGP, CPRD | ||||||
Tobacco use | 3-5, 30 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD | Natsal, HSE, ONS | MCS, BCS70 | |
Second-hand smoke exposure | 4, 30 | 31 | HSE | ||||||
Alcohol consumption | 3-5, 30 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD | Natsal, HSE, ONS | MCS, BCS70 | |
Substance use | 3-5, 30 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD | Natsal | MCS | |
Environmental exposures | Toxic or hazardous substances or exposures | 3, 30, 50 | RCGP, CPRD, MSDS, HES, ONS | ONS, NDNS | MCS, BCS70 | ||||
Cervical screening | Cervical screening | 3, 30 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD | ||
Immunisation and infections | Immunisation | 3, 4, 8, 30 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD | ||
Sexually transmitted diseases | 3, 30 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD | Natsal | ||
Mental health conditions | Mental health problem | 3-5, 29 | 10 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD, HES, ONS | Natsal, HSE, ONS | MCS, BCS70 |
Previous antenatal or postnatal mental illness | 7 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD, CSDS | ||||||
Severe mental health conditions | 3 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | |||||||
Physical health conditions | Epilepsy | 3, 4 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | Natsal | BCS70 | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 3, 4, 29, 43 | 12 | 31 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD, HES, NDA | Natsal, HSE | BCS70 | ||
Polycystic ovary syndrome | 31 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | Natsal | ||||||
Endometriosis | 30, 51 | 31 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | ||||||
Thyroid disease | 3, 30 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | Natsal | ||||||
Chronic hypertension | 3, 4 | 12 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | Natsal, HSE | BCS70 | |||
Cardiovascular disease | 3, 4, 47 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | Natsal | ||||||
Previous thromboembolism | 3 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | |||||||
Renal disease | 3 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | |||||||
Asthma | 3, 4 | 31 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | BCS70 | |||||
Rheumatological conditions | 3 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | ||||||
Inflammatory bowel disease | 3, 52 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | |||||||
Sickle-cell disease or thalassaemia | 3, 4 | 12 | RCGP, CPRD, HES, NCARDRS | ||||||
Hepatitis B | 3, 30 | RCGP, CPRD | |||||||
Lupus | 8 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | |||||||
Phenylketonuria (PKU) | 6 | RCGP, CPRD, HES, NCARDRS | |||||||
Developmental disability | 8 | RCGP, CPRD, HES, NCARDRS | |||||||
Cancer | 30 | RCGP, CPRD, HES, NCARDRS, NCSRAS | BCS70 | ||||||
Female genital mutilation | 3, 30 | RCGP, CPRD, MSDS, HES | |||||||
Pelvic floor dysfunction | 53 | 45 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | ||||||
Medication | Overall use | 3, 30 | 31 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | HSE | ||||
Not recommended when planning pregnancy | 3-5 | 12 | RCGP, CPRD, HES | ||||||
Genetic risk | Personal or family history of a generic disorder | 3, 4, 30 | 10 | 12 | 31 | RCGP, CPRD, NCARDRS | |||
Previous pregnancy affected by an inherited genetic disorder | 3 | RCGP, CPRD, NCARDRS | |||||||
Family history of diabetes | 29, 43 | RCGP, CPRD |
Abbreviations: ALAS, Active Lives Adult Survey; BCS70, 1970 British Cohort Study; CPRD, Clinical Practice Research Datalink; CSDS, Community Services Dataset; HES, Hospital Episode Statistics; HSE, Health Survey for England; MCS, Millennium Cohort Study; MSDS, Maternity Services Dataset; Natsal, British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles; NCARDRS, National Congenital Anomaly and Rare Disease Registration Service; NCSRAS, National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service; NDA, National Diabetes Audit; NDNS, National Diet and Nutrition Survey; NHSDS, NHS Dental Statistics; ONS, Office for National Statistics; RCGP, Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database; SRHAD, Sexual and Reproductive Health Activity Dataset.