The X-axis shows anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits at different stages of follow-up including birth, early childhood, early adolescence and adults. The Y-axis indicates the effect size in standard deviation units. HOMA-IR, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; LDL, low density lipoprotein; HDL, high density lipoprotein. ‘Early childhood 5-7 years’ included children from Pune Maternal Nutrition Study at 6 yrs, Parthenon Study at 5 yrs, and Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project at 7 yrs of age whereas adolescents from Pune Maternal Nutrition Study at 12 yrs and Parthenon Study at 13.5 yrs formed the group ‘Early adolescence 12-14 years’. ‘Adults’ consisted of parents from Pune Maternal Nutrition Study and Parthenon Study, mothers from Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project, and individuals from Mysore Birth Records Cohort. @, P-value ≤ 0.001; #, P-value ≤ 0.01; *, P-value ≤ 0.05.