Table 1. Maternal and newborn details in the study cohorts, and fetal and maternal genetic scores for the South Asian and European cohorts.
| Traits | PMNS (N=515) | PS (N=511) | MMNP (N=466) | MBRC (N=684) | Dhaka-WP2 (N=53) | Dhaka-WP3 (N=314) | UK-Bang (N=150) | UKBB-SAS* (N=2732) | EFSOCH* (N=674) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birthweight (kg) | 2.68 (0.34) | 2.91 (0.41) | 2.64 (0.37) | 2.76 (0.42) | 2.90 (0.38) | 2.84 (0.42) | 3.12 (0.45) | 3.10 (0.68) | 3.52 (0.47) |
| Birth length (cm) | 47.8 (1.97) | 48.8 (2.11) | 48.2 (2.26) | 48.0 (2.95) | 46.2 (2.56) | 49.6 (2.60) | 46.6 (2.03) | NA | 50.3 (2.12) |
| Ponderal index (kg/m3) | 24.5 (2.44) | 25.0 (2.75) | 23.6 (2.60) | 25.3 (4.85) | 29.5 (4.42) | 23.3 (3.50) | 28.9 (4.27) | NA | 27.7 (2.58) |
| Head circumference (cm) | 33.1 (1.24) | 33.9 (1.28) | 33.2 (1.20) | 35.6 (1.58) | 33.4 (1.39) | 33.0 (2.40) | 33.6 (1.31) | NA | 35.2 (1.26) |
| Chest circumference (cm) | 31.2 (1.59) | 32.0 (1.64) | 30.9 (1.75) | NA | NA | NA | 33.4 (1.97) | NA | 34.2 (1.86) |
| Abdomen circumference (cm) | 28.7 (1.91) | 30.0 (1.92) | 28.4 (2.08) | NA | NA | NA | 31.4 (2.56) | NA | NA |
| Mid-upper arm circumference (cm) | 9.7 (0.88) | 10.4 (0.92) | 9.7 (0.82) | NA | 9.9 (0.71) | 10.2 (2.09) | 10.9 (2.13) | NA | 11.1 (0.90) |
| Triceps skinfold (mm) | 4.3 (0.87) | 4.3 (0.90) | 4.2 (1.05) | NA | NA | NA | 5.0 (1.93) | NA | 4.86 (1.08) |
| Subscapular skinfold (mm) | 4.2 (0.89) | 4.5 (0.91) | 4.2 (0.99) | NA | NA | NA | 5.3 (1.87) | NA | 4.87 (1.08) |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.0 (1.06) | 39.5 (1.14) | 39.3 (1.17) | NA | 40.3 (1.17) | 39.2 (1.53) | 40.0 (3.44) | NA | 40.1 (1.22) |
| Maternal Age (years) | 21.4 (3.56) | 23.8 (4.24) | 24.8 (3.83) | NA | 19.9 (2.45) | 22.7 (4.29) | 29.7 (5.40) | NA | 30.5 (5.19) |
| Maternal Height (cm) | 152.1(4.9) | 154.5(5.4) | 151.3(5.4) | NA | 151.1 (5.8) | 150.9 (5.7) | 156.0 (5.8) | NA | 165.0 (6.3) |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 18.0 (1.9) | 23.6 (3.55) | 20.3 (3.67) | NA | 20.6 (3.40) | 22.7 (4.03) | 26.2 (4.34) | NA | 24.0 (4.34) |
| Maternal GDM status [n (%)] | 3 (0.6) | 31 (6.1) | 32 (6.9) | NA | 13 (24.5) | 81 (25.8) | 75 (50.0) | NA | NA |
| Year of birth | 1994-95 | 1998-99 | 2006-12 | 1934-66 | 2011-12 | 2015-16 | 2011-15 | 1934-70 | 2000-04 |
| Fetal Genetic Score | 191.0 (9.0) | 191.0 (9.6) | 189.0 (9.4) | 189.0 (9.6) | 191.0 (8.1) | 188.0 (9.4) | 188.0 (9.3) | 192.0 (9.9) | 192.0 (9.8) |
| Maternal Genetic Score | 215.0 (10.3) | 215.0 (10.4) | 215.0 (10.5) | NA | 218.0 (10.2) | 217.0 (10.2) | 216.0 (9.3) | 214.8 (11.0) | 214.0 (10.8) |
All values are mean (SD); N, subjects included in this study; SD, standard deviation; GDM, Gestational diabetes mellitus; PMNS, Pune Maternal Nutrition Study; PS, Parthenon Study; MMNP, Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project; MBRC, Mysore Birth Records Cohort; Dhaka-WP2, Work Package 2 of GIFTS; Dhaka-WP3, Work Package 3 of GIFTS; UK-Bang, London UK Bangladeshi cohort; UKBB-SAS, UK Biobank South Asian component; EFSOCH, The Exeter Family Study of Childhood Health study; *, Not used for meta-analysis. Fetal and maternal genetic scores were calculated from 196 birthweight-associated variants in children and mothers, respectively.